Microsporidiosis: current status

Didier, Elizabeth S.; Weiss, Louis M.

doi:10.1097/01.qco.0000244055.46382.23

Cited by 348 publications

(339 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…In particular, N. parisii belongs to the microsporidia phylum, which includes a large number of pathogen species that commonly infect and replicate in the intestine. For example, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, which has been responsible for lethal diarrhea in AIDS patients, appears to replicate only within human intestinal epithelial cells (38). The mode of exit is unknown for any species of microsporidia, but it is interesting to speculate that other microsporidia species may use exocytosis for egress from host cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The small GTPase RAB-11 directs polarized exocytosis of the intracellular pathogen N. parisii for fecal-oral transmission from C. elegans

Szumowski

Botts

Popovich

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Pathogen exit is a key stage in the spread and propagation of infectious disease, with the fecal-oral route being a common mode of disease transmission. However, it is poorly understood which molecular pathways provide the major modes for intracellular pathogen exit and fecal-oral transmission in vivo. Here, we use the transparent nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to investigate intestinal cell exit and fecal-oral transmission by the natural intracellular pathogen Nematocida parisii, which is a recently identified species of microsporidia. We show that N. parisii exits from polarized host intestinal cells by co-opting the host vesicle trafficking system and escaping into the lumen. Using a genetic screen, we identified components of the host endocytic recycling pathway that are required for N. parisii spore exit via exocytosis. In particular, we show that the small GTPase RAB-11 localizes to apical spores, is required for spore-containing compartments to fuse with the apical plasma membrane, and is required for spore exit. In addition, we find that RAB-11-deficient animals exhibit impaired contagiousness, supporting an in vivo role for this host trafficking factor in microsporidia disease transmission. Altogether, these findings provide an in vivo example of the major mode of exit used by a natural pathogen for disease spread via fecal-oral transmission.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The small GTPase RAB-11 directs polarized exocytosis of the intracellular pathogen N. parisii for fecal-oral transmission from C. elegans

Szumowski

Botts

Popovich

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…molecular diagnostic methods has highlighted the importance of microsporidian infections in man (Didier & Weiss, 2006). Microsporidia are unicellular eukaryotic parasites that form spores.…”

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confidence: 99%

Enterocytozoon bieneusiin human and animals, focus on laboratory identification and molecular epidemiology

2008

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ummary :Human microsporidian infections have emerged following the onset of the AIDS pandemic. Microsporidia are unicellular eukaryotic parasites that form spores. They are an exceptionally diverse group of parasites that infect a wide range of eukaryotic cells in numerous invertebrate and vertebrate hosts. Of the 14 species newly described as pathogens in human, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, which causes gastrointestinal diseases, is the most common agent of human infections. In the past fifteen years, E. bieneusi was also identified in environmental sources, especially in surface water, as well as in wild, domestic and farm animals. These findings raised concerns for waterborne, foodborne and zoonotic transmission. Molecular analyses of the 243-bp internal Transcribed spacer-(ITS) of the rRNA gene have revealed a considerable genetic variation within E. bieneusi isolates of human and animal origins, supporting the potential for zoonotic transmission. The focus of this revue is to present and discuss recent advances in diagnosis and zoonotic potential of E. bieneusi infections.

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“…bieneusi and E. intestinalis are reported here for the first time in patients with diarrhea who had undergone hematopoietic SCT, although these microsporidia have been shown to be etiological agents of diarrhea in other immunocompetent or immunocompromised conditions [9][10][11][12]. We found E. intestinalis in two patients, and both E. bieneusi and E. intestinalis in two patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Diarrhea in peripheral stem cell transplant recipients: a developing country’s experience

Pala

Kaynar²,

Büyükoğlan³

et al. 2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: We aimed to determine the frequency and microbiological causes of diarrhea occurring during the first 100 days in allogeneic (allo-) and autologous (auto-) stem cell transplantation (SCT) patients. Methodology: A total of 452 patients who underwent transplantation due to hematological or solid organ malignancy were included. From the administration of the conditioning regimen up to day 100 post-transplant, diarrhea cases lasting at least three days with a minimum of three episodes per day were evaluated. Results: Cases of diarrhea were observed in 94 patients out of 227 subjects who received allo-SCT and in 107 patients out of 225 who received auto-SCT. The incidence rate of diarrhea in both patients undergoing autologous and allogeneic transplant was 47.5% and 41.4%, respectively. The cause of the diarrhea could be detected in 20.5% of auto-SCT patients and in 30.8% of allo-SCT patients. Parasitic infections were frequently observed in both autologous and allogeneic transplant patients in the first 20 days. In the late period, significantly more patients developed diarrhea in the allo-SCT recipient group than in the auto-SCT recipients due to graft versus host disease (GVHD) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis. Conclusions: This study revealed the causes of diarrhea and the prevalence and factors of parasitic infections in transplant patients in Turkey. All causative factors of diarrhea should be considered in detail, feces analyses should be evaluated for each patient, and endoscopic biopsy samples should be obtained when required in immunosuppressive patients undergoing stem cell transplantation.

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Microsporidiosis: current status

Cited by 348 publications

References 75 publications

The small GTPase RAB-11 directs polarized exocytosis of the intracellular pathogen N. parisii for fecal-oral transmission from C. elegans

The small GTPase RAB-11 directs polarized exocytosis of the intracellular pathogen N. parisii for fecal-oral transmission from C. elegans

Enterocytozoon bieneusiin human and animals, focus on laboratory identification and molecular epidemiology

Diarrhea in peripheral stem cell transplant recipients: a developing country’s experience

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