Microstrain Overview in Implant-Supported Prostheses in Atrophic Maxillary Area

Abstract

The present study aims to evaluate the literature about the rehabilitation of implant-supported fixed prostheses located in the posterior region of the maxilla, in a situation of maxillary sinus pneumatization, as well as the three-dimensional finite element method, as well as its use in computational studies with greater validity and reproducibility. Foi realizada uma busca eletrônica nas bases de dados, Pubmed e Google Scholar, utilizando os seguintes descritores, obtidas a partir do DeCS: Finite Element Analysis; Sinus Lift; Computer Simulation; Prosthodontics; resultando em 100 artigos, no período de 1969 a 2023. The main methods for investigation and biomechanical analysis are: analysis by the Finite Element Method, which offers a way to calculate the distribution and concentration of stress and deformations in the components of the system, through a computerized twoor three-dimensional structure; birefringence analysis (photoelasticity), which uses polarized monochromatic light and implants anchored in plastic models, where forces are applied; "in vivo" and "in vitro" load measurement, where more precise data can be obtained regarding the forces exerted on the system, through the use of appropriate sensors called extensometers; studies of the bond strength between the implant and bone tissue, performed through shear, traction, and compression tests. It can be concluded from this study that according to the information collected by the literature, in conditions where the oblique load is more angulated, it is suggestive of greater damage to the bone structure. About prosthetic components, structures that are adapted to a short implant present better mechanical behavior. Last but not least, the stresses in the cortical bone showed higher values for the tilted implant and lower values in the model with bone graft. However, more research is needed to better understand this material and its long-term