Microstrip antenna controlled by p‐i‐n diodes: Influence of the bias current on the antenna efficiency

Abstract

[1]: When the inclusion and the host mediums are interchanged but the respective volume fractions remain invariant, the estimated constitutive properties of the homogenized composite change. The same asymmetry is highly pronounced when the inclusions are nonspherical. In contrast, (7) clearly shows that the Bruggeman estimates are unaffected by the interchange of the two component mediums. Comparing Figures 1-3

Solar cell integrated multiband reconfigurable antenna

“…Reconfiguration techniques for antennas include various electronic switches such as PIN diodes, 11,12 varactor diodes, 13 and RF MEMS, 14 which require bias circuits and cause unwanted electromagnetic interference. 15 Phase shifters 16 and reflectors 17 are widely utilized to improve directional radiation, but the antenna structures tend to be larger and more complex. In addition, special materials for reconfigurable antennas, such as graphene 18 and liquid metals, 19 are inefficient in the case of continuous modulation.…”

“…Although the above‐mentioned antenna designs have all enabled the integration of solar cells, they are incapable of reconfiguration. Reconfiguration techniques for antennas include various electronic switches such as PIN diodes, 11,12 varactor diodes, 13 and RF MEMS, 14 which require bias circuits and cause unwanted electromagnetic interference 15 . Phase shifters 16 and reflectors 17 are widely utilized to improve directional radiation, but the antenna structures tend to be larger and more complex.…”

A wideband monopole for reconfigurable multiband radio terminals

“…One of the major drawbacks of PIN diodes is that the bias current can influence the reconfigurable antenna efficiency [8]. A drop in radiation efficiency was observed for some values of the PIN diode bias current.…”