Microstrip patch antennas with 3-dimensional substrates

Applications and Future Prospects for Microstrip Antennas Using Heterogeneous and Complex 3-D Geometry Substrates

“…The author has previously shown that 3-D substrates can be used to decrease the antenna size by exploiting the non-uniform electric fields of a patch antenna [33].…”

Patch size reduction of rectangular microstrip antennas by means of a cuboid ridge

“…In this approach a flange cuboid ridge is placed in the middle of the patch to create a non-uniform height substrate in the radiating face of the antenna. In [11], numerical results indicate a downward shift in the resonance frequency of a rectangular patch microstrip antenna with a ridge in the middle. The present paper is a continuation of the study in [11], by a systematic investigation on the effect of a flange cuboid ridge on rectangular patch microstrip antennas.…”

“…In [11], numerical results indicate a downward shift in the resonance frequency of a rectangular patch microstrip antenna with a ridge in the middle. The present paper is a continuation of the study in [11], by a systematic investigation on the effect of a flange cuboid ridge on rectangular patch microstrip antennas. Furthermore, the present paper gives a complete physical understanding of the miniaturisation phenomena achieved by a flange discontinuity using the transmission line theory together with a parameter investigation of the approach.…”

Antenna with three dimensional 3D printed substrates

“…The Q-factor of electrically small antennas is restricted by the Chu limit and the size, BW and efficiency is a compromise [6,7]. In [5,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], variations in substrate thickness and permittivity, e, have been reported. For instance, the BW is well known to be enhanced by increasing the substrate thickness or reducing the permittivity [8] at the cost of an inductive shift in the characteristic impedance, Zo, of the antenna and alleviated by more novel trends using air cavities [9][10][11].…”

“…In this letter, three dimensional (3D) printing technology using commercially available printing materials is used to model a 3D substrate outline to enhance the antenna's performance. Previously, a ridge near the center of the patch has been used to miniaturize antennas and in this letter the ridge and the substrate are printed in one process using a 3D printer.…”