Microstructural Analysis and Compressive Strength of Fly Ash and Petroleum Sludge Ash Geopolymer Mortar under High Temperatures

Abstract

The development of sustainable building materials and construction to decrease environmental pollution in both production and operational stages of the materials’ life cycle is appealing to great interest in the construction industries worldwide. This study evaluated the negative effect of temperature up to 1000 °C on the compressive strength and microstructure of fly ash and petroleum sludge ash (PSA) geopolymer mortar. A sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide mixture is used as an activator. The synthesized mortar was investigated using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). As the temperature increased, the compressive strength of the geopolymer mortar decreased. The strength degradation is due to the damage to microstructure because of the temperature-induced dehydroxylation, dehydration thermal incompatibility between geopolymer aggregate and paste of geopolymer mortar at high temperatures. With an increase in temperature, the cumulative pore volume increased. The FESEM image showed the decomposition of the geopolymer matrix started at a temperature of 600 °C. Incorporating PSA in geopolymer mortar could result in an eco-friendly and sustainable environment that may reduce the problems associated with sludge disposal.

Geopolymers Based on a Mixture of Steel Slag and Fly Ash, Activated with Rice Husks and Reinforced with Guadua angustifolia Fibers

“…Developing low-energy consumption ecological constructions with good resistance and durability has been proposed to counteract this situation [5]. Therefore, in the last two decades, research has been carried out on the production of geopolymers using by-products from industrial sectors such as steel, thermoelectric, and rice production [6].…”