Microstructural and mechanical characterization of an ultra-high-strength Fe86.7Cr4.4Mo0.6V1.1W2.5C4.7 alloy

Hufenbach, J.; Kohlar, S.; Kühn, U.; Giebeler, Lars; Eckert, J.

doi:10.1007/s10853-011-5794-z

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…As AM might result in a significant volume fraction of retained austenite in these steels, the transformation-induced plasticity resulted from austenite to martensite transformation can open new pathways for obtaining a desirable combination of strength and ductility in these steels. As an example, FeCrMoVWC steel processed by LPBF shows higher compressive and tensile strength as well as higher fracture strain [229] compared to its cast counterpart [230]. This enhanced mechanical performance is due to several factors such as nanosized carbides (M 2 C), solid solution effect and above these, TRIP effect of the retained austenite.…”

Section: Other C Bearing Tool Steelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive manufacturing of steels: a review of achievements and challenges

et al. 2020

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Metal additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, is a disruptive manufacturing technology in which complex engineering parts are produced in a layer-by-layer manner, using a high-energy heating source and powder, wire or sheet as feeding material. The current paper aims to review the achievements in AM of steels in its ability to obtain superior properties that cannot be achieved through conventional manufacturing routes, thanks to the unique microstructural evolution in AM. The challenges that AM encounters are also reviewed, and suggestions for overcoming these challenges are provided if applicable. We focus on laser powder bed fusion and directed energy deposition as these two methods are currently the most common AM methods to process steels. The main foci are on austenitic stainless steels and maraging/precipitation-hardened (PH) steels, the two so far most widely used classes of steels in AM, before summarising the state-of-the-art of AM of other classes of steels. Our comprehensive review highlights that a wide range of steels can be processed by AM. The unique microstructural features including hierarchical (sub)grains and fine precipitates induced by AM result in enhancements of strength, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of AM steels when compared to their conventional counterparts. Achieving an acceptable ductility and fatigue performance remains a challenge in AM steels. AM also acts as an intrinsic heat treatment, triggering ‘in situ’ phase transformations including tempering and other precipitation phenomena in different grades of steels such as PH steels and tool steels. A thorough discussion of the performance of AM steels as a function of these unique microstructural features is presented in this review.

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Section: Other C Bearing Tool Steelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive manufacturing of steels: a review of achievements and challenges

et al. 2020

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“…Phase transformation resulting from the deformation of metals, like steel, are intentionally used to improve properties [5,6]. It is generally accepted that metastable grades of b titanium alloys may undergo deformation via the formation of SIM [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning the stress induced martensitic formation in titanium alloys by alloy design

Chen

et al. 2012

J Mater Sci

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Two novel titanium alloys, Ti-10V-2Cr-3Al and Ti-10V-1Fe-3Al (wt%), have been designed, fabricated, and tested for their intended stress-induced martensitic (SIM) transformation behavior. The results show that for Ti-10V-1Fe-3Al the triggering stress for SIM transformation is independently affected by the b domain size and b phase stability, when the value of the molybdenum equivalent is higher than *9. The triggering stress was well predicted using the equations derived separately for the commercial Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy. For samples containing b with a lower molybdenum equivalence value, pre-existing thermal martensite is also present and this was found to have an obstructive effect on SIM transformation. In Ti-10V-2Cr-3Al, the low diffusion speed of Cr caused local gradients in the Cr level for many heat treatments leading even to martensite free zones near former b regions.

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“…Recent research on this specific topic was done by Kühn et al [33], Schlieter et al [34] and Hufenbach et al [35,36]. Previous experimental work on the as-cast alloy was done by [33] and [34] on arc furnace samples as well as from the current authors on plates which were produced in an induction furnace [37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High strain rate behavior, transformation-induced plasticity and fracture toughness characterization of cast and additionally tempered Fe85Cr4Mo8V2C1 alloy manufactured using a rapid solidification technique

et al. 2012

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This study focuses on the characterization of the microstructures of an FeCrMoVC alloy in two states (an as-cast and a heat-treated state) as well as the compressive strain rate-dependent material and fracture toughness behavior. Both microstructures consist of martensite, retained austenite and complex carbides. Tempering results in a transformation of retained austenite into martensite, the precipitation of fine alloy carbides, and diffusion processes. High yield stresses, flow and ultimate compressive strength values at a relatively good deformability were measured. The yield and flow stresses at the onset of deformation are higher for the heat-treated state due to higher martensitic phase fractions and fine precipitations of alloy carbides respectively. Compressive deformation causes a straininduced transformation of retained austenite to a 0 -martensite. Hence, both high-strength alloys are TRIP-assisted steels (TRansformation-Induced Plasticity). However, the martensitic transformation is more pronounced in the as-cast state due to higher phase fractions of retained austenite already in the initial state. Examinations of strained microstructures showed decreased crystallite sizes with increasing deformation. It is assumed that, during plastic deformation, the amount of low angle grain boundaries increases while the incremental formation of a 0 -martensite leads to decreased crystallite size. In general, lower microstrains were determined in the heat-treated state as a consequence of stress relaxation during tempering. In comparison to commercially available tool steels, the determined fracture toughness K Ic of both variants revealed relatively high fracture toughness values. It was found that the lower shelf of K Ic is already reached at room temperature. Higher loading rates _ K resulted in lower dynamic fracture toughness K Id values. Notch fracture toughness K A measurements indicate that the critical notch tip radii of the examined materials are slightly smaller than 0.09 mm.

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Microstructural and mechanical characterization of an ultra-high-strength Fe86.7Cr4.4Mo0.6V1.1W2.5C4.7 alloy

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

Additive manufacturing of steels: a review of achievements and challenges

Additive manufacturing of steels: a review of achievements and challenges

Tuning the stress induced martensitic formation in titanium alloys by alloy design

High strain rate behavior, transformation-induced plasticity and fracture toughness characterization of cast and additionally tempered Fe85Cr4Mo8V2C1 alloy manufactured using a rapid solidification technique

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