Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of AZ31B to AA6061 Dissimilar Joints Fabricated by Refill Friction Stir Spot Welding

Sarila, Venukumar; Koneru, Harisivasri Phanindra; Cheepu, Muralimohan; Chigilipalli, Bharat Kumar; Kantumuchu, Venkata Charan; Shanmugam, M.

doi:10.3390/jmmp6050095

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…A significant increase in the hardness of the SZ A typical W-shape of Vickers hardness profiles was observed with a symmetrical profile to the center line of the keyhole for all the examined FSSW specimens. The same general shape has been observed in previous studies [26][27][28]. A gradual decrease in the Vickers hardness was observed in the HAZ due to the coarse grains caused by the frictional heat effect.…”

Section: Tensile-shear Strengthsupporting

confidence: 88%

The Influence of Tool Geometry on the Mechanical Properties and the Microstructure of AA6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy Friction Stir Spot Welding

Alkhafaji,

Camas,

Lopez-Crespo

et al. 2023

Materials

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In this work, the influence of the tool geometry on friction stir spot welding (FSSW) was studied on sheets made of AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy. Four different AISI H13 tools with simple cylindrical and conical pin profiles and 12 mm and 16 mm shoulder diameters were used to perform the FSSW joints. Sheets of 1.8 mm thickness were used during the experimental work to prepare the lap-shear specimens. The FSSW joints were performed at room temperature. For each joining condition, four specimens were carried out. Three specimens were used to find the value of the average tensile shear failure load (TSFL), while the fourth one was used to examine the micro-Vickers hardness profile and to observe the microstructure of the cross-section of the FSSW joints. The investigation concluded that higher mechanical properties corresponding to the finer microstructure were obtained by the conical pin profile and the higher shoulder diameter compared with the specimens performed using the cylindrical pin tool and lower shoulder diameter due to the higher strain hardening and the higher frictional heat generation, respectively.

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Section: Tensile-shear Strengthsupporting

confidence: 88%

The Influence of Tool Geometry on the Mechanical Properties and the Microstructure of AA6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy Friction Stir Spot Welding

Alkhafaji,

Camas,

Lopez-Crespo

et al. 2023

Materials

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“…Despite the greater hardness, the reported weld strength values are lower than the AZ31B alloy's base mechanical characteristics. [39][40][41][42] This disparity may be due to texture deterioration caused by the welding process. Texture alterations can affect the anisotropic behaviour of the material, perhaps resulting in strength differences even when the hardness is quite high.…”

Section: Failure Mechanisms Of the Jointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling heat-affected zone softening in dissimilar AZ31B and WE43 alloy welds

Bandi,

Cheepu,

Bakshi

2024

Materials Science and Technology

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In this study, AZ31B-H24 and WE43-T5 Mg alloys were joined using friction stir welding. The effect of base material position, tool offset and rotational speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated. With AZ31B on the advancing side (AS), distinct layers of both materials were observed in the nugget zone (NZ), while material mixing in the NZ was better with WE43 on the AS. A maximum joint strength of 207 MPa (97% of AZ31B) was observed with AZ31B on the AS without tool offset and a tool rotation speed of 600 RPM. The failure location was at the thermo-mechanically affected zone/heat-affected zone of AZ31B side when AZ31B was on the AS, while joints with WE43 on the AS failed in the NZ.

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“…They suggested that the worn shoulder surface reduced the lap shear strength of the joints while all the tested welds surpassed the minimum standard lap shear strength requirements for aeronautical applications [80]. Numerous studies are available in the literature investigating the RF-SSW of various aluminum alloys such as AA7075 [95][96][97], AA7050 [98], AA2024 [99,100], AA2198 [80], AA2014 [101], AA6061 [102,103], AA2219 [93], dissimilar Al alloys [102,104], dissimilar Al/steel [105], Mg alloys [9,106,107], dissimilar Mg, and steel [7].…”

Section: Friction Stir Spot Weldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum in the Aerospace Industry: The Current Progress and State-of-the-Art Review

et al. 2023

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The use of the friction stir welding (FSW) process as a relatively new solid-state welding technology in the aerospace industry has pushed forward several developments in different related aspects of this strategic industry. In terms of the FSW process itself, due to the geometric limitations involved in the conventional FSW process, many variants have been required over time to suit the different types of geometries and structures, which has resulted in the development of numerous variants such as refill friction stir spot welding (RFSSW), stationary shoulder friction stir welding (SSFSW), and bobbin tool friction stir welding (BTFSW). In terms of FSW machines, significant development has occurred in the new design and adaptation of the existing machining equipment through the use of their structures or the new and specially designed FSW heads. In terms of the most used materials in the aerospace industry, there has been development of new high strength-to-weight ratios such as the 3rd generation aluminum–lithium alloys that have become successfully weldable by FSW with fewer welding defects and a significant improvement in the weld quality and geometric accuracy. The purpose of this article is to summarize the state of knowledge regarding the application of the FSW process to join materials used in the aerospace industry and to identify gaps in the state of the art. This work describes the fundamental techniques and tools necessary to make soundly welded joints. Typical applications of FSW processes are surveyed, including friction stir spot welding, RFSSW, SSFSW, BTFSW, and underwater FSW. Conclusions and suggestions for future development are proposed.

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Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of AZ31B to AA6061 Dissimilar Joints Fabricated by Refill Friction Stir Spot Welding

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

The Influence of Tool Geometry on the Mechanical Properties and the Microstructure of AA6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy Friction Stir Spot Welding

The Influence of Tool Geometry on the Mechanical Properties and the Microstructure of AA6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy Friction Stir Spot Welding

Unveiling heat-affected zone softening in dissimilar AZ31B and WE43 alloy welds

Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum in the Aerospace Industry: The Current Progress and State-of-the-Art Review

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