Microstructural and Residuals Stress Analysis of Friction Stir Welding of X80 Pipeline Steel Plates Using Magnetic Barkhausen Noise

Ávila, Julián A.; Conde, Fábio Faria; Pinto, Haroldo Cavalcanti; Rodrı́guez, Jaime; Grijalba, Freddy Armando Franco

doi:10.1007/s10921-019-0625-2

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The first pass HZ hardness (310.5± 40.6HV) is lower than the HZ hardness in the second pass (353.1± 26.9). This microstructural feature can be attributed to the second pass tempering effect on the first pass [32].…”

Section: Hardnessmentioning

confidence: 91%

Corrosion Behavior and Microstructural Characterization of Friction Stir Welded API X70 Steel

Giarola

Calderón-Hernández

Conde

et al. 2021

J. of Materi Eng and Perform

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Friction stir welding is an excellent alternative process used in pipelines circumferential welds due to fusion welding low corrosion resistance. This study describes the corrosion resistance as a function of the microstructural features resulting from an API X70 FSW weld joint. The microstructural features were examined by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The corrosion analysis was conducted employing potentiodynamic polarization tests using an electrochemical microcell, which allowed to test small circular areas delimited by a 2mm in diameter O-ring gasket. The base metal and heataffected zone were the most susceptible region to corrosion due to the banded microstructures, and the re-stirred-zone and stir zone was the most resistant region to corrosion because of grain refinement.

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Section: Hardnessmentioning

confidence: 91%

Corrosion Behavior and Microstructural Characterization of Friction Stir Welded API X70 Steel

Giarola

Calderón-Hernández

Conde

et al. 2021

J. of Materi Eng and Perform

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“…The residual stress line profiles result from the thermomechanical cycle during FSW and the subsequent phase transformations during cooling 58,59 . The residual stress distribution is typical for FSW, 59–63 with compressive residual stresses arising along with both welding directions in the SZ.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the adjacent zones significantly limit the SZ from shrinking back during cooling, causing a reduced shrinkage that leads to residual compressive stresses 65 . Avila et al 59 showed that the first pass had higher compressive stress in the SZ than the second pass due to an additional volumetric expansion at the mid‐thickness, which induces a higher contraction in the first pass caused by the second pass. Bainite formation in the SZ also generates compressive stresses due to the relatively low temperature of bainite formation and the associated transformation expansion on cooling.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of hydrogen on the fracture toughness of friction‐stir welded API 5L X70 pipeline steels

Giarola

Ávila

Cintho

et al. 2022

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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The hydrogen embrittlement (HE) leads to severe steel degradation of mechanical properties. The hydrogen atoms diffuse into the steel and get positioned into reversible and irreversible trap sites. The pipe to transport oil and gas needs to be welded to construct long‐distance pipeline projects; thus, friction‐stir welding (FSW) has proven an excellent alternative to joining these pipelines. Therefore, this work assessed and analyzed the influence of hydrogen on the microstructure and fracture toughness of API 5L X70 steel welded by friction‐stir welding. The in‐service conditions were simulated by charging the specimen electrolytically in a 3.5% NaCl water solution with an intensity current of 2 mA·cm−2. According to fracture toughness tests, the base metal (BM) was more affected by hydrogen embrittlement than the friction‐stir zone (SZ), with a fracture toughness reduction of 20% after hydrogen charging. The SZ fracture toughness did not statistically show changes in hydrogen charging by the used times; however, the fracture mechanism changed from ductile to brittle‐like after 4 days of charging. The SZ depicted a better fracture toughness than BM due to the bainitic microstructure, a significant amount of irreversible hydrogen trapping.

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“…Therefore, MBN signals contain information about the diverse lattice defects. Moreover, the strength and time distribution of MBN impulses are governed by the stress state [4][5][6][7][8] that affects the configuration of DWs with respect to the direction of exerted load. Prevailing of stress state or microstructure depends on the magnetic hardness and/or magnetostriction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of Corrosion Extent in Steel S460MC by the Use of Magnetic Barkhausen Noise Emission

et al. 2021

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Monitoring of corrosion extent is critical in bridge operation and civil buildings. Reducing the effective cross-sectional area of components can redistribute the stress state and increase the true stress in the critical parts of civil structures. Unexpected rupture of bodies can occur as a result of their over-stressing. However, it is not possible to take relevant samples from these structures for a laboratory analysis during their lifetime. For this reason, this study investigates the potential of magnetic Barkhausen noise analysis for real-time corrosion extent monitoring. This study demonstrates that Barkhausen noise emission drops down along with an increasing degree of corrosion of steel S460MC. Progressive and remarkable decrease of Barkhausen noise and alteration of extracted features result from increasing surface roughness and superimposing influence of the increasing thickness of the near-surface layers containing mainly iron oxides. Furthermore, it was found that corrosion on the surface also alters the relation between tensile stress and Barkhausen noise within the interaction volume.

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Microstructural and Residuals Stress Analysis of Friction Stir Welding of X80 Pipeline Steel Plates Using Magnetic Barkhausen Noise

Cited by 14 publications

References 35 publications

Corrosion Behavior and Microstructural Characterization of Friction Stir Welded API X70 Steel

Corrosion Behavior and Microstructural Characterization of Friction Stir Welded API X70 Steel

The effect of hydrogen on the fracture toughness of friction‐stir welded API 5L X70 pipeline steels

Monitoring of Corrosion Extent in Steel S460MC by the Use of Magnetic Barkhausen Noise Emission

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