Microstructural Characteristics, Crack Frequency and Diffusion Kinetics of Functionally Graded Ti-Al Composite Coatings: Effects of Laser Energy Density (LED)

Olakanmi, Eyitayo Olatunde; Sepako, M; Morake, J; Hoosain, Shaik; Pityana, Sisa

doi:10.1007/s11837-018-3272-7

Cited by 5 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The cracking at the substrate might have been caused by the thermal shock normally overcome by substrate preheating while cracking at the interface might have required an interlayer to transition between dissimilar material properties. Olakanmi et al [14] revealed that intermetallic coatings are useful, provided the nature of the intermetallics formed and their amount can be controlled at the desired level. To ascertain the influence of energy density on the microstructural consolidation using intermetallics, they deposited titanium aluminide (Ti-Al) blended with TiC using the laser cladding technique on the Ti6Al4V substrate.…”

Section: Boilersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The laser energy density (LED) is measured in J/mm 2 and has a directly proportional relationship with laser power (P) as well as an inverse relationship to speed (V) and beam diameter (d), as shown in equation 2 [15]. Simply put, the energy dissipation rate as a function of time determines the molten pool size, which influences the solidification process, the morphology of the grain structure, and the geometrical characteristics of the FGM clads [143,144].…”

Section: Laser Energy Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

Figure 24 (a) Thermal crack frequency due to thermal cycles. XRD analysis of functionally graded Ti-Al, showing enhancement of phases formation with increasing LED [14]. …”

Section: Functionally Graded Coatings For Heat Exchanger Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concept of material alloying has led to the development of an emerging class of novel materials termed functionally graded materials (FGMs), [13] because they offer better resistance to material degradation. FGMs are realised through a combination of two or more materials characterised by spatial composition profiles that exhibit variation to change the material properties for the required function and functionality in industrial applications [14,15]. Typical applications of FGMs can be likened to human body parts, such as bones and teeth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The potential use of laser cladded functionally graded materials to mitigate degradation in boiler tube heat exchangers for power plant applications: A review

Morake,

Mutua,

Ruthandi

et al. 2023

Surface Engineering

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Surface modification is essential to safeguard heat exchangers from premature failure spurred by deterioration mechanisms such as corrosion and wear, which diminish performance. Meanwhile, modifying some substrates with dissimilar materials is challenging due to a mismatch in material properties. Moreover, individual alloy coatings on substrates are usually insufficient in the required material properties, leading to accelerated failure of equipment, especially in power plant industries. This article summarised the knowledge base on functionally graded materials (FGMs) while emphasising how this promising class of novel materials can reduce deterioration. Additionally, laser cladding is established to be a suitable technique for processing FGMs. A particular focus is laid on the laser beam interaction with the FGM and expounding on the processing and material parameters that affect the microstructural properties of FGMs. The development prospects for processing FGMs with superior clad quality characteristics to increase boiler pipes' service life and performance are also highlighted.

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Section: Boilersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Laser Energy Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

Figure 24 (a) Thermal crack frequency due to thermal cycles. XRD analysis of functionally graded Ti-Al, showing enhancement of phases formation with increasing LED [14]. …”

Section: Functionally Graded Coatings For Heat Exchanger Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The potential use of laser cladded functionally graded materials to mitigate degradation in boiler tube heat exchangers for power plant applications: A review

Morake,

Mutua,

Ruthandi

et al. 2023

Surface Engineering

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“…According to Olakanmi et al, 43

E = \frac{bold-italicp}{v x d}

where p the laser power is in W , v is the laser scanning speed in mm/s, d is the beam diameter in mm and E is the laser energy density in J/mm 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process optimization of high entropy alloys by laser additive manufacturing

Dada

Popoola

Mathe

et al. 2020

Engineering Reports

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Aerospace components and their coatings are required to possess excellent surface properties over a wide temperature range. Stainless steels, titanium, nickel superalloy, and more recently high entropy alloys (HEAs) have been used to improve the exterior properties of these components. In this study, AlTiCrFe-CoNi and AlCoCrFeNiCu HEAs were successfully fabricated using laser additive manufacturing to produce coatings on an A301 steel base plate. The influence of the laser parameters (laser power and scan speed) on the microstructure and hardness properties were also investigated. The results revealed that coatings homogeneously adhered to the baseplate. The optimum processing parameters for both alloys with defect-free structures at a preheat temperature of 400 • C, were at 1200-1600 W at 8-12 mm/s with the layers composed of both face centred-cubic (FCC) and body centred-cubic (BCC) phases. The laser parameters affected the quality and hardness properties of the alloys. The results showed that optimizing the laser parameters achieved by preheating temperature invariably improved the performance of the alloys with potential coatings and structural applications.

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Effect of laser scanning speed on microstructure and properties of Fe based amorphous/ nanocrystalline cladding coatings

Wang

Cheng

Zhang

et al. 2020

Materials Chemistry and Physics

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Microstructural Characteristics, Crack Frequency and Diffusion Kinetics of Functionally Graded Ti-Al Composite Coatings: Effects of Laser Energy Density (LED)

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

The potential use of laser cladded functionally graded materials to mitigate degradation in boiler tube heat exchangers for power plant applications: A review

The potential use of laser cladded functionally graded materials to mitigate degradation in boiler tube heat exchangers for power plant applications: A review

Process optimization of high entropy alloys by laser additive manufacturing

Effect of laser scanning speed on microstructure and properties of Fe based amorphous/ nanocrystalline cladding coatings

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