Microstructural characterization and constitutive modeling of deformation of closed-cell foams based on in situ x-ray tomography

Chai, H.W.; Xie, Z.L.; Xiao, Xianghui; Xie, Honglan; Huang, Jia; Luo, Sheng‐Nian

doi:10.1016/j.ijplas.2020.102730

Cited by 49 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…It is worth noting that VGStudio MAX software was used to reconstruct CT slice images and count the equivalent diameter of cells and the thickness of cell walls. The main steps can be summarized as follows: (i) Applying the global thresholding segmentation (TS) method to binarize an image into the solid phase and air phase; (ii) applying the top-hat method to recover thin walls not extracted by TS; (iii) calculating the solid fraction and comparing it with the experimental data; then, thresholds were adjusted, and steps (i) and (ii) were repeated until the calculated and measured parameters reached consistently; and (iv) applying the classic watershed for cell partitioning and quantifying the cell morphology . The reconstructed microstructure and the equivalent diameter of the cells are shown in Figures and , respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main steps can be summarized as follows: (i) Applying the global thresholding segmentation (TS) method to binarize an image into the solid phase and air phase; (ii) applying the top-hat method 28 to recover thin walls not extracted by TS; (iii) calculating the solid fraction and comparing it with the experimental data; then, thresholds were adjusted, and steps (i) and (ii) were repeated until the calculated and measured parameters reached consistently; 29 and (iv) applying the classic watershed for cell partitioning and quantifying the cell morphology. 30 The reconstructed microstructure and the equivalent diameter of the cells are shown in Figures 4 and 5 , respectively. Through the statistical analysis, the equivalent pore diameter of the foam core follows the Gaussian distribution with an average equivalent diameter of 0.45 mm and a variance of 0.03.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Resin Pins on the Failure Behavior of Foam Core Sandwich Beams under Three-Point Loading

Yan

Xu²,

Wang³

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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Studies show limitations in increasing the mass fraction of resin pins in aviation components. The main objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of resin pins with different diameters and numbers on the bending performance and damage mode of sandwich structures with a constant mass fraction of resin pins. The obtained results show that the Φ2 specimen (i.e., the diameter of the resin pin in the sample is 2 mm) increases the load-bearing capacity by 41.8%. The deformation process of sandwich beams with and without resin pins is similar. However, the failure modes are different due to the diameters, amounts, and spacing of resin pins. Moreover, the uncertainty analysis of the experimental results is carried out by CT three-dimensional reconstruction of foam and finite element method (FEM). The obtained results show that the resin absorbed by the cells on the foam surface is the primary source of simulation errors. To resolve this problem, a new method is proposed to estimate the range of experimental results and improve the simulation accuracy by compensating for the diameter of the resin pin.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Resin Pins on the Failure Behavior of Foam Core Sandwich Beams under Three-Point Loading

Yan

Xu²,

Wang³

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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“…In situ X-ray tomography has been developed rapidly these years for studying the evolution of 3D structures of cellular materials during compression. [19][20][21][22][23] Kader et al [20] correlated the geometrical and topological characteristics with the deforming microstructure of high porosity aluminum foams (>80%) under dynamic loading. Digital volume correlation (DVC) can be used to characterize the interior strain concentration based on the tomography results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[24,25] Jiroušek et al [25] tracked the deforming evolution of aluminum foam at low strain conditions using DVC algorithm. Assisted with in situ X-ray tomography and DVC, Chai et al [21,22] determined the spatial distribution of the weakest cell walls by an edge segmentation method and strength index of cell walls, and porosities of the studied PMI foams were both larger than 90%. The 3D deformation of low porosity PDMS foam (40-60%) during compression was also studied, but the morphology influence of individual cells was not clarified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[36,37] Spherical cells make it difficult to extract the cell wall flakes from 3D structure through, e.g., the method of edge segmentation. [21,22] For thick cell walls, it is not easy to find plastic hinges that cause buckling in the first deformation stage. [37] Therefore, a research method based on deformation evolution of cell walls is not suitable for aluminum foams with low porosity (<75%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study on Cell Deformation of Low Porosity Aluminum Foams under Quasi‐Static Compression by X‐Ray Tomography

et al. 2020

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Understanding the correlation between cell deformation and initial cell structure during compression is important for improvement and development of effective applications of aluminum foams. Foams with porosities lower than 75% now get more attention because of more spherical cells and better mechanical performance. Herein, two low porosity aluminum foam samples are deformed by a compressive device allowing simultaneous X‐ray tomography. The foam cell structures in the initial undeformed state and in the state, where the first batch of cells deforms, are characterized and correlated. The absolute value of anisotropy change is selected as the most sensitive parameter to evaluate the cell deformation. A fitting formula between the cell deformation degree and the initial cell parameters is obtained, which can predict the cell deformation degree. It is found that a cell with small anisotropy, large angle between the longest axis of the cell and the loading direction, small sphericity, more neighbors, and large cell size is more prone to deform during compression. With the fitting formula, the weakest region where the first batch of deformed cells occurs can be predicted. The influence of cell morphology parameters in low porosity aluminum foams is significant and verified by experimental results.

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Fabrication of emulsion‐templated open‐cell polymethacrylimide foam

You,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Journal of Polymer Science

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In this work, the emulsion‐templating technique is proposed to fabricate polymethacrylimide (PMI) foam for the first time. Different from those PMI foam reported in the literature, having a closed‐cell structure with submillimeter‐sized voids, the emulsion‐templated PMI foam has an obvious open‐cell structure with micrometer‐sized voids. The pore structure, density, and porosity of the PMI foam herein could be tuned by simply changing the internal phase volume fraction and/or the surfactant concentration of the emulsion template. The density of PMI foam is varied between 0.174 and 0.350 g·cm−3. The prepared PMI foam exhibited excellent mechanical properties, the compressive strength and compressive modulus ranged from 4.87 to 7.48 MPa and from 58.67 to 124.67 MPa, respectively, which are both much higher than the traditional closed‐cell PMI foams with similar density. The prepared PMI foam has excellent thermal resistance with its initial thermal decomposition temperature of 325°C in nitrogen and 253°C in air. The novel porous structure combined with its high strength and high heat resistance would expand the application of PMI foam.

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Microstructural characterization and constitutive modeling of deformation of closed-cell foams based on in situ x-ray tomography

Cited by 49 publications

References 69 publications

Effect of Resin Pins on the Failure Behavior of Foam Core Sandwich Beams under Three-Point Loading

Effect of Resin Pins on the Failure Behavior of Foam Core Sandwich Beams under Three-Point Loading

Study on Cell Deformation of Low Porosity Aluminum Foams under Quasi‐Static Compression by X‐Ray Tomography

Fabrication of emulsion‐templated open‐cell polymethacrylimide foam

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