Microstructural design for enhanced shape memory behavior of 4D printed composites based on carbon nanotube/polylactic acid filament

Liu, Y.; Zhang, Wei; Zhang, Fenghua; Leng, Jinsong; Pei, Shaopeng; Wang, Liyun; Jia, Xinqiao; Cotton, Chase; Sun, Bin; Chou, Tsu‐Wei

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2019.107692

Cited by 79 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…During the heating cycle, an endothermic event was observed at around 65 • C, which corresponds to the Tg point. The crystallization point Tc was found around the temperature of 87 • C, and as the temperature increased, a strong endothermic melting process occurred around the temperature of 179 • C [59].…”

Section: Thermogravimetric Analysis (Tga) and Differential Scanning Cmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Regarding the DSC curve ( Figure 3b), three typical states of thermoplastic polymers, namely the Tg point (glass transition temperature), the Tc point (the point of crystallization) and the Tm point (the melting point), were present [57][58][59]. During the heating cycle, an endothermic event was observed at around 65 • C, which corresponds to the Tg point.…”

Section: Thermogravimetric Analysis (Tga) and Differential Scanning Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the melting point), were present[57][58][59]. During the heating cycle, an endothermic event was 217 observed at around 65 °C , which corresponds to the Tg point.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…During the heating cycle, an endothermic event was 217 observed at around 65 °C , which corresponds to the Tg point. The crystallization point Tc was found 218 around the temperature of 87 °C, and as the temperature increased, a strong endothermic melting 219 process occurred around the temperature of 179 °C[59].220 221 (a) TGA curve of PLA filament; (b) the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curve of 222 PLA filament.223 Figure 4a presents the TPU thermogram, where a mass loss of 100% was recorded at around 356 224 °C , suggesting a low thermal stability [60]. The complete degradation of the polymer is accomplished 225 in a singular step, in the range 380-430 °C.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Synthesis of Core-Shell Biomaterials from Polymeric Filaments with a Bioceramic Coating for Biomedical Applications

et al. 2020

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Bone tissue engineering is constantly in need of new material development with improved biocompatibility or mechanical features closer to those of natural bone. Other important factors are the sustainability, cost, and origin of the natural precursors involved in the technological process. This study focused on two widely used polymers in tissue engineering, namely polylactic acid (PLA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), as well as bovine-bone-derived hydroxyapatite (HA) for the manufacturing of core-shell structures. In order to embed the ceramic particles on the polymeric filaments surface, the materials were introduced in an electrical oven at various temperatures and exposure times and under various pressing forces. The obtained core-shell structures were characterized in terms of morphology and composition, and a pull-out test was used to demonstrate the particles adhesion on the polymeric filaments structure. Thermal properties (modulated temperature and exposure time) and the pressing force's influence upon HA particles' insertion degree were evaluated. More to the point, the form variation factor and the mass variation led to the optimal technological parameters for the synthesis of core-shell materials for prospect additive manufacturing and regenerative medicine applications.Coatings 2020, 10, 283 2 of 18 importance. Among these, PLA was widely used, mainly due to its biocompatibility with the human organism and the advantageous synthesis alternative from sustainable natural resources (e.g., beet or maize) [14]. Along with PLA, TPU was remarked in the additive manufacturing technology [15]. The TPU applications in the medical field spread from blood vessels, implants, and prosthetics, to scaffolding in tissue engineering, dialysis membranes, or breast implants [16].Furthermore, naturally derived hydroxyapatite (HA) is a bioactive ceramic, with similar chemical and structural properties to the mineral component of the natural bone tissue, and exceptional biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. HA can be synthesized from various renewable resources (e.g. fish, sheep, cattle or bovine bones [17,18] or marine shells [19,20]).Along with the development of new biomaterials, the cost-efficient and highly performant processing techniques for final products manufacturing are also in need of improvement. Additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing can be considered 21st century technology due to the possibility to attain patient-customized and adapted products [14]. However, the most widely and accessible used technique in orthopedics is fused deposition modeling (FDM) or fused filler fabrication (FFF) [8,14,21,22], which provide 3D scaffolds with a well-defined design by extruding a digital 3D model from thermoplastic polymeric materials heated to their melting point [22].This study aims to provide a new core-shell material that can be used in the FDM technique, targeted due to its rigorous control of parameters (temperature, bed temperature, feed rate, printing speed, etc.) [23][24][25][26][27].Therefore, thi...

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Section: Thermogravimetric Analysis (Tga) and Differential Scanning Cmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Thermogravimetric Analysis (Tga) and Differential Scanning Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the melting point), were present[57][58][59]. During the heating cycle, an endothermic event was 217 observed at around 65 °C , which corresponds to the Tg point.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Synthesis of Core-Shell Biomaterials from Polymeric Filaments with a Bioceramic Coating for Biomedical Applications

et al. 2020

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“…The present study therefore aims to assess the effect of various printing parameters on the final parts of FFF technology in a systematic manner, considering a predefined hybrid PLA/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) blend, investigating mechanical surface quality and efficiency behavior. PBAT was added due to its biodegradability and excellent ductility to obtain a biodegradable blend with balanced mechanical properties [34,36]. Specific attention was paid to the transferability of a given set of working commercial printer settings to another set for another commercial printer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Transferability and Design of Commercial Printer Settings in PLA/PBAT Fused Filament Fabrication

et al. 2020

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In many fused filament fabrication (FFF) processes, commercial printers are used, but rarely are printer settings transferred from one commercial printer to the other to give similar final tensile part performance. Here, we report such translation going from the Felix 3.0 to Prusa i3 MK3 printer by adjusting the flow rate and overlap of strands, utilizing an in-house developed blend of polylactic acid (PLA) and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT). We perform a sensitivity analysis for the Prusa printer, covering variations in nozzle temperature, nozzle diameter, layer thickness, and printing speed (Tnozzle, dnozzle, LT, and vprint), aiming at minimizing anisotropy and improving interlayer bonding. Higher mass, larger width, and thickness are obtained with larger dnozzle, lower vprint, higher LT, and higher Tnozzle. A higher vprint results in less tensile strain at break, but it remains at a high strain value for samples printed with dnozzle equal to 0.5 mm. vprint has no significant effect on the tensile modulus and tensile and impact strength of the samples. If LT is fixed, an increased dnozzle is beneficial for the tensile strength, ductility, and impact strength of the printed sample due to better bonding from a wider raster structure, while an increased LT leads to deterioration of mechanical properties. If the ratio dnozzle/LT is greater than 2, a good tensile performance is obtained. An improved Tnozzle leads to a sufficient flow of material, contributing to the performance of the printed device. The considerations brought forward result in a deeper understanding of the FFF process and offer guidance about parameter selection. The optimal dnozzle/vprint/LT/Tnozzle combination is 0.5 mm/120 mm s−1/0.15 mm/230 °C.

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Composites

Gupta¹,

Kumawat²,

Ghosh³

et al. 2022

Poly(Lactic Acid)

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Microstructural design for enhanced shape memory behavior of 4D printed composites based on carbon nanotube/polylactic acid filament

Cited by 79 publications

References 44 publications

Novel Synthesis of Core-Shell Biomaterials from Polymeric Filaments with a Bioceramic Coating for Biomedical Applications

Novel Synthesis of Core-Shell Biomaterials from Polymeric Filaments with a Bioceramic Coating for Biomedical Applications

The Transferability and Design of Commercial Printer Settings in PLA/PBAT Fused Filament Fabrication

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