Microstructural evolution and mechanical behavior of nickel aluminum bronze Cu-9Al-4Fe-4Ni-1Mn fabricated through wire-arc additive manufacturing

Dharmendra, C.; Hadadzadeh, Amir; Amirkhiz, Babak Shalchi; Ram, G.D. Janaki; Mohammadi, Mohsen

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2019.100872

Cited by 57 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The microstructure consists of α-Cu matrix and perishable etch interdendritic κ phase. Besides, no evidence of retain β or acicular β martensite is observed in the UVA treatment WAAM sample, a similar result is reported in Dharmendra's studies [17]. However, SEM and OM are difficult to qualitatively evaluate the type of the precipitation phase in the UVA treatment WAAM samples.…”

Section: Microstructure and Compositionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…The uniform and increase of the α-Cu matrix and ILB in U3 sample is mainly attributed to two reasons: (i) based on the Hall-Petch law, the nano-hardness increases with the decreases of the grain size which is caused by UVA treatment [43]. (ii) according to the TEM results, the precipitation of κIV phase in the α-Cu matrix may increase the mean nano-hardness [17,44].…”

Section: Nano-hardness and Tensile Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the WAAM process, the previous layers are subjected to re-heating by the thermal cycle of the subsequent deposition. The temperature range of 500 to 600 • C would result in homogeneous κ IV precipitation in the α-Cu matrix [17]. In this temperature range, the WAAM process has a significant reduction in cooling rate and this condition can be retained for a long time (Figure 7b), and when Fe is sufficient, more κ IV phase will precipitate in α-Cu matrix.…”

Section: Nano-hardness and Tensile Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results showed the deposit exhibits higher strength in the longitudinal and transverse direction than in the normal direction. The anisotropy of WAAM NAB alloys can be modified by quenching after 900 • C for 2 h and then tempering at 650 • C for 6 h. Dharmendra et al [17] analyzed Cu-9Al-4Fe-4Ni-1Mn alloy were formed κ II and κ III phase in the interdendritic regions and precipitated κ IV particles within the α-matrix. The research also predicted the heat treatments in the range of 500-600 • C may increase the strength level of WAAM NAB alloys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Ultrasonic Vibration and Interpass Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cu-8Al-2Ni-2Fe-2Mn Alloy Fabricated by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2020

Metals

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A novel ultrasonic vibration assisted (UVA) wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) was used to fabricate Cu-8Al-2Ni-2Fe-2Mn alloy in this study. The effect of different interpass temperatures with and without ultrasonic vibration on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of the fabricated part were investigated by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), nanoindentation, and mechanical tensile testing. The results showed that reduction of the interpass temperature without UVA treatment cannot prevent the columnar dendrites directionally growing along the deposition direction. Under the UVA treatment, the coarse columnar dendrites were broken at the interpass temperature of 400 °C, and formed a fine cellular structure with an interpass temperature of 100 °C, owing to the acoustic streaming effect and cavitation effect. In addition, globular κII phase was based on Fe3Al and lamellar κIII phase was based on NiAl distributed in the interdendritic region, whereas κIV phase (rich-Fe) were precipitated in the α-Cu matrix. The improvement of microstructural characteristics caused by UVA treatment further improved the tensile properties and nano-hardness of WAAM fabricated parts. Eventually, it is experimentally demonstrated that WAAM fabricated Cu-8Al-2Ni-2Mn-2Fe alloy can obtain high-performance at UVA process under an interpass temperature of 100 °C.

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Section: Microstructure and Compositionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Nano-hardness and Tensile Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nano-hardness and Tensile Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effect of Ultrasonic Vibration and Interpass Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cu-8Al-2Ni-2Fe-2Mn Alloy Fabricated by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2020

Metals

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“…e original columnar crystal, remelted, and heat-affected regions were observed because of the thermal cycle of the same-layer weld bead. eir microhardness varied because these regions have different grain sizes and precipitate contents [39,40].…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Performances for Wear‐Resistant Steel through the WAAM Technology

Ying

Guo

et al. 2021

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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This work describes the wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) approach used to fabricate parts from wear-resistant steel. The microstructure, crystal structures, and mechanical properties of the resulting samples were thoroughly analyzed. The wear-resistant steel parts demonstrated good forming, no internal defects, good metallurgical bonding, and excellent wear resistance. The metallographic analysis confirmed that the main phase was ferrite. The microhardness of the sample along its cross section was uniform in both horizontal and vertical directions and equals to 464.7HV0.2 and 482.4 HV0.2, respectively. The average values of tensile strength, elongation ratio, and room temperature Charpy shock were equal to 945.3 MPa, 4.3%, and 5 J, respectively.

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Effect of Al Bronze Interlayer on Liquid–Solid Compound Interface of Sn Bronze/Steel

Wang

Chen

et al. 2023

Adv Eng Mater

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To address the challenges of liquid metal embrittlement (LME) cracks and low bonding strength at the Sn bronze/steel liquid–solid compound interface, an innovative Sn bronze/Al bronze/steel laminated composite is fabricated using a wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process, which involved introducing an Al bronze interlayer. The microstructure of interlayer and its related interfaces, as well as the mechanical properties of the composites, are investigated. Results show that the microstructure of Al bronze is mainly composed of α‐Cu and β‐Cu3Al. An interdiffused layer with a maximum thickness of 5 μm exists at the Al bronze/steel interface, which plays an important role in interface adaptation. The Sn bronze/Al bronze interface possesses a 30 μm α(Cu–Al–Fe) transition layer, and the continuous transition of α + β → α(Cu–Al–Fe) → α(Cu–Sn) from the base material to the clad layer is realized. No LME cracks are found in the steel after the Al bronze and Sn bronze deposition. The Al bronze/steel and Sn bronze/Al bronze interfaces exhibit strong bonding strengths of 395 and 361 MPa, respectively.

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Microstructural evolution and mechanical behavior of nickel aluminum bronze Cu-9Al-4Fe-4Ni-1Mn fabricated through wire-arc additive manufacturing

Cited by 57 publications

References 44 publications

Effect of Ultrasonic Vibration and Interpass Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cu-8Al-2Ni-2Fe-2Mn Alloy Fabricated by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

Effect of Ultrasonic Vibration and Interpass Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cu-8Al-2Ni-2Fe-2Mn Alloy Fabricated by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

Microstructure and Performances for Wear‐Resistant Steel through the WAAM Technology

Effect of Al Bronze Interlayer on Liquid–Solid Compound Interface of Sn Bronze/Steel

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