Microstructural evolution in 13Cr–8Ni–2.5Mo–2Al martensitic precipitation-hardened stainless steel

Simulation of Precipitation Kinetics and Precipitation Strengthening of B2-precipitates in Martensitic PH 13–8 Mo Steel

“…Ping et al 1) suggest that cutting of B2 precipitates is the main interaction mechanism with dislocations at peak hardness in PH 13-8 Mo aged at 450°C. When dislocations cut small particles, coherency strain, chemical strengthening due to the production of new matrix-interfacial area, as well as the shear modulus difference between precipitate and matrix can potentially contribute to the LYS strengthening.…”

“…Ping et al 1) used a simple formula for precipitate shearing to fit experimental data, which only contained phase fraction and radius. In contrast, in the present study the individual cutting mechanisms are described by separate models, which are parameterized with the results from the thermo-kinetic simulation on the one hand, and physical properties from the literature listed in Table 1 on the other hand.…”

“…In order to understand the relation between microstructure and mechanical properties, the evolution of ordered bcc-B2 precipitates (also denoted as β) and reverted austenite has been well characterized by 3D-atom probe, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and tensile testing. [1][2][3][4] These experimental data form a suitable input for benchmarking the predictions of a physically-based thermokinetic model for precipitation kinetics simulations, which are performed in the present study. In addition to the evolution of phase fractions, radii and number densities of particles, we also obtain the evolution of the nucleus chemical composition, which, only after sufficiently long annealing time, approaches the equilibrium values.…”

Genetic alloy design based on thermodynamics and kinetics

“…MX carbonitrides have been reported and utilised as important strengthening precipitates in various systems including PH 17-4 (17Cr-4Ni-1Mo [16], 16Cr-5Ni-1Mo [17]), 15Cr-1Mo alloys [18] and Ferrium S53 [7]. Alternatively, steel grades containing a small amount of C can be strengthened by intermetallic precipitates such as NiAl in PH13-8 [19], Cu precipitates in PH15-5 [20] and Ni 3 (Ti,Al) precipitates in 1RK91 (12Cr-9Ni-4Mo-2Cu) PH stainless steel [21].…”

Atom-probe study of Cu and NiAl nanoscale precipitation and interfacial segregation in a nanoparticle-strengthened steel

“…Precipitation of nanoparticles has been recognized as one of the most effective methods to increase the strength of steels, and precipitation hardening has become the foundation in the development of many grades of highstrength steels [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. It is known that the degree of strengthening so obtained is highly dependent upon the precipitate microstructure, including the structure, morphology, size, and interparticle spacing of the nanoparticles [9].…”