Microstructural evolution of 316L austenitic stainless steel during in-situ biaxial deformation and annealing

Abstract

Austenitic stainless steel 316L was investigated by a combination of in-situ biaxial straining and subsequently by in-situ annealing within a Carl Zeiss Sigma FEG-SEM. A Micromecha Proxima stage was used to impart biaxial strain on the sample, results were compared with macro scale testing to validate the method, physical properties were established in close correlation to macro scale tests. Samples were subsequently subjected to annealing cycles using a Gatan Murano 525 heated stage to assess the influence of imparted strain on the recrystallization kinetics of the material. Following annealing trials the material was observed to initiate recrystallization around 100 °C earlier within heavily strained samples at 750 °C in comparison to 850 °C within unstrained samples.

Identifying Optimal Hot Forming Conditions for AA6010 Alloy by Means of Elevated Temperature Tensile Testing

“…An accelerating voltage of 20 keV was used across all scans, with a step size of 0.2 µm. Samples were prepared using a mechanical polishing regime modified from standard preparation techniques [24]; a final step of 30 min broad beam ion milling using a Hitachi IM4000 (Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) operating at 4 kV was applied to achieve a high-quality surface finish. Post-processing of scans was conducted using Oxford Channel 5 software (Oxford Instruments, Abingdon, UK).…”

Analysis of Plastic Forming Parameters in Aisi 441 Stainless Steel

“…The numerical simulation is nowadays an essential tool able to improve the production process in terms of reliability and sustainability; through this method is possible to reduce time to market, cost of developing new components and to have a much more accurate knowledge of processing conditions, like forming [29][30][31][32]. The finite element method (FEM) is one of this approach mainly used for the prediction of forming car body parts [33][34][35], in fact is extremely important guarantee a proper procedure of tube bending and a correct simulation of pipe yielding after bending. During the analysis is also necessary to consider the impact of previous production process which create dispersion in mechanical properties and which show a character no longer deterministic bust stochastic.…”