Microstructural Features in Corroded Celtic Iron Age Sword Blades

Ghiara, Giorgia; Piccardo, Paolo; Campodonico, Serena; Carnasciali, M. M.

doi:10.1007/s11837-014-0880-8

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This kind of precipitates were already found in other ancient steel artefacts, e.g. in bloomery iron [5], a nail from the 17 th century [6], a Celtic sword [7]. Note, in this area the needle-like cementite is homogeneously distributed all over the grain.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

Metallographic Investigations of a Late Medieval Pick Found at the Gold Mining Site "Goldzeche-Kleines Fleißtal", Austria

Strobl

Haubner

2017

MSF

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The investigated mining tool, probable a pick, was made of iron and produced in the 15th / 16th century, consequently manufactured in a bloomery. It was used in a gold mine at the Fleißtal located in the Austrian Alps.A metallographic preparation and examination by LOM of the cross section reveals an elongated structure caused by forging. Regions with quite different carbon concentrations, various steel microstructures, slag stringers and oxide inclusions are observed. Extensive microhardness measurement all over the cross section of the pick was performed to get information about heat treatments. Various morphologies of cementite were observed e.g. fine needles, Fe3C at grain boundaries, bainitic and pearlitic Fe3C. But no martensite was found. There are some possibilities: e.g. the hardened surface was removed by corrosion or martensite was transformed (auto-tempered), i.e. cementite was precipitated during long time storage.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

Metallographic Investigations of a Late Medieval Pick Found at the Gold Mining Site "Goldzeche-Kleines Fleißtal", Austria

Strobl

Haubner

2017

MSF

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“…It is worth commenting that the examination of corrosion products can reveal ghost microstructures and rich structural information can be gleaned as demonstrated recently in 2nd C B.C. Celtic sword blades [42].…”

Section: The Role Of Carbon Dating In Ferrous Based Artifactsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Archeometallurgy related to swords

Wadsworth

2015

Materials Characterization

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“…6a. These two bands are attributed to magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) [20,35,[40][41][42]. Furthermore, Raman spectroscopy revealed that discontinuous strips with color of light marbling in the DPL layer are composed of akaganeite (β-FeOOH) mixed with maghemite (γ-Fe 2 O 3 ), Akaganeite is defined at bands 720, 319, 400 and 551 cm −1 [43] and maghemite at 720 and 664 cm −1 [43,44], as shown in Fig.…”

Section: The Characterization Of the Corrosion Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is the reason why TM is mixed with the soil particles, in many cases [22,26,48]. The formation of goethite product of the studied TM layer attributed to two factors; the formation directly from magnetite with a dissolution/recrystallization pathway and the formation separately as an Fe corrosion product as results of the reaction with Fe 2+ which migrated [20,35,[40][41][42] Light marbling corrosion DPL 720, 319, 400, 720, 664 Akaganeite, Maghemite [43,44] Orange corrosion zone DPL 398, 139, 209, 338, 1312 Lepidocrocite [44] from the core through cracks' DPL layer [49,52,53]. The corrosion products of iron sulfate (Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ) and ferric chloride (FeCl 3 ) in TM layer formed as a result of the reaction with soil anions such as dissolved ions of sulfate and chloride.…”

Section: The Characterization Of the Corrosion Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the microstructural features and the rust layers of an archaeological iron sword in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo (380–500 A.D.)

2019

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In this paper, a sword is investigated from a collection of archaeological iron swords displayed in the Egyptian Museum from the civilization centered on Ballana and Qustul in Egyptian Nubia (380-600 A.D.). A range of metallographic analytical techniques have been used to characterize the sword's metallic structure and its rust crust. The results revealed that the sword was made of low-carbon steel and corrosion products formed on the surface are iron sulfate, iron oxides/hydroxides including goethite, maghemite, magnetite, lepidocrocite, akaganeite and ferric chloride. The investigation also revealed that the rust crust constituted of two corrosion layers: a dense layer and a transformed medium. Crystals of soil minerals were clearly observed in the outer corrosion layer. Moreover, several microstructural features were detected, indicating the stage of deterioration and the features of metallurgy of this sword. Furthermore, the obtained results have been used to select appropriate conservation procedures for preventing degradation in the future and ensuring its reliable restoration.

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Microstructural Features in Corroded Celtic Iron Age Sword Blades

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Metallographic Investigations of a Late Medieval Pick Found at the Gold Mining Site "Goldzeche-Kleines Fleißtal", Austria

Metallographic Investigations of a Late Medieval Pick Found at the Gold Mining Site "Goldzeche-Kleines Fleißtal", Austria

Archeometallurgy related to swords

Characterization of the microstructural features and the rust layers of an archaeological iron sword in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo (380–500 A.D.)

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