Microstructural Investigations of Barium Titanate‐Based Material for Base Metal Electrode Ceramic Multilayer Capacitor

Abstract

The microstructures of BME-X7R ceramics have been investigated by imaging and analytical TEM. By varying the sintering conditions (pressing, sintering temperature and atmosphere), the microstructure changes drastically, and dislocation loops can be observed. These defects most probably are caused by an ordering of oxygen vacancies in the lattice, and the density appears to be correlated to the oxygen partial pressure applied during the reoxidation step. For pressed and unpressed ceramic foils, a model for different sintering behaviors according to liquid-phase assistance is given that is based on a kinetically determined microstructure rather than thermodynamic equilibrium.

Effect of a BaO-CuO-Bi2O3-B2O3 glass flux, and its processing on the dielectric properties of BaTiO3

“…These two processes, which happen more preferentially at high temperature, limited the production and application of BaTiO 3 . Furthermore, in the past the electrodes were limited to expensive Pt and Pd electrodes due to the poor sintering ability of BaTiO 3 [5]. Developments of low sintering temperature flux phase can broaden the electrode materials selection to less expensive metal such as Cu and Ni [2,5].…”

Dielectric Degradation and Microstructures of Heterogeneous Interfaces in Cofired Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors

“…The bright-dark contrast observed in layer a was caused by defects such as oxygen vacancy clusters with high mobility under the illumination of the electron beam. Oxygen vacancy clusters are often seen in BaTiO 3 -based materials sintered in reducing atmospheres [17,18].…”

Low-temperature sintering of BaTiO3 with Mn-Si-O glass

“…In some cases, the addition of sintering aids can not only contribute to the formation of liquid phase, but also enhance BaTiO 3 exaggerated grain growth in the dielectric layer by lower temperature sintering [4,5]. Besides, the liquid phase offers a route for quick diffusion of various dopants [6,7]. SiO 2 is a glass former which is able to be alloyed with manganese (Mn) oxide to form eutectic liquid at~1200°C.…”