Microstructural, rheological, and antibacterial properties of cross-linked chitosan emulgels

Lei, Lingling; He, Zongze; Chen, Huanle; McClements, David Julian; Li, Bin

doi:10.1039/c5ra19757k

Cited by 28 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The smoother surface of CS became morphologically inhomogeneous with a significant enhancement of roughness with increase in the extent of substitution at CS by V-fa, which disturbs the H-bonding network of crystalline CS in a random fashion. The exfoliation of sheets is accounted for by the random arrangement of V-fa linked to CS at lower loadings due to inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonding along with covalent reactions . However, at higher loadings, CV0.7–CV1 showed a regain in relatively ordered arrangement due to considerable interplanar placement of self-organization of PV-fa chains in CS, disrupting the initial intramolecular H-bonds with development of an array of inherent characteristics of intermolecular H-bonding and covalent interactions, in accordance with XRD and FTIR studies.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The exfoliation of sheets is accounted for by the random arrangement of V-fa linked to CS at lower loadings due to inter-and intramolecular hydrogen bonding along with covalent reactions. 82 However, at higher loadings, CV0.7−CV1 showed a regain in relatively ordered arrangement due to considerable interplanar placement of selforganization of PV-fa chains in CS, disrupting the initial intramolecular H-bonds with development of an array of inherent characteristics of intermolecular H-bonding and covalent interactions, in accordance with XRD and FTIR studies. Based on the FTIR, NMR, and XRD analyses, the probable favorable interactions and structural modifications in CS/V-fa copolymers can be represented as in Scheme 2.…”

Section: Acs Sustainable Chemistry and Engineeringsupporting

confidence: 66%

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Sustainable Framework of Chitosan–Benzoxazine with Mutual Benefits: Low Curing Temperature and Improved Thermal and Mechanical Properties

Monisha

Yadav

Lochab

2019

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Polybenzoxazines (PBzs) are emerging as a highly promising and superior class of thermoset polymers for a variety of applications. However, it remains a significant challenge to substantially lower the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) temperature with an ease in processability. On the other hand, biomacromolecule chitosan (CS) is explored extensively, but its practical applications have been precluded by poor thermal and mechanical properties. Here, we developed a fully biobased copolymer of vanillin benzoxazine (V-fa) monomer with CS, which is effective in providing mutual benefits, effective lowering in ROP temperature of benzoxazine (70 °C), and an enhanced thermal stability of CS (by 85 °C, and with char yield of ∼32%). To understand this unusual lowering in ROP temperature, we investigated the structural interaction mechanism between solvated CS and V-fa using in situ NMR studies. The analysis of fully intercalated co-structure demonstrated that there is a strong preference for ROP over Schiff base reaction. It is anticipated that benzoxazine molecules move within the interplanar distance of CS as supported by powder X-ray diffraction studies. An increase in V-fa content in feed ratio led to a placement of V-fa units from random to a systematic and hierarchical arrangement within the CS framework followed by its subsequent polymerization. The synergistic interactions were further supported by Fourier transform infrared, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron micrsocopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and tensile studies. Current work represents preparation of CS benzoxazine copolymers using a low-cost, efficient, and sustainable approach to assist metal-free ROP reaction of Bz to afford low curable temperature processable films. A new strategy is devised for the utility of CS-PBzs copolymers, enabling their extension to innovative applications in cross-domains.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Acs Sustainable Chemistry and Engineeringsupporting

confidence: 66%

Sustainable Framework of Chitosan–Benzoxazine with Mutual Benefits: Low Curing Temperature and Improved Thermal and Mechanical Properties

Monisha

Yadav

Lochab

2019

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Incorporation of CEO-NE into the Optimized Blank Hydrogel to Prepare CEO-NE-Based NEG Four and half milliliters of the prepared CEO-NE were diluted with water to a weight of 23.375 g NE. 15 Glacial acetic acid (0.25 g) was added to the diluted NE to allow the subsequent dispersion of CS in the NEG. The components of the optimized F-9 hydrogel (CS 2%w/w, GG 1.5%w/w and GA 2%w/w) were then added to the diluted NE as previously described under preparation of blank hydrogels to finally prepare 25 g CEO-NE-based NEG.…”

Section: Preparation and Characterization Of Ceo-ne-based Negmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Novel Clove Essential Oil Nanoemulgel Tailored by Taguchi’s Model and Scaffold-Based Nanofibers: Phytopharmaceuticals with Promising Potential as Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors in External Inflammation</p>

Aman¹,

Hashim²,

Meshali³

2020

IJN

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Purpose: Clove essential oil is a phytochemical possessing a vast array of biological activities. Nevertheless, fabricating nano topical delivery systems targeted to augment the anti-inflammatory activity of the oil has not been investigated so far. Accordingly, in this study, controlled release nanoparticulate systems, namely nanoemulgel and nanofibers (NFs), of the oil were developed to achieve such goal. Methods: The nanoemulsion was incorporated in the hydrogel matrix of mixed biopolymerschitosan, guar gum and gum acaciato formulate nanoemulsion-based nanoemulgel. Taguchi's model was adopted to evaluate the effect of independently controlled parameters, namely, the concentration of chitosan (X 1), guar gum (X 2), and gum acacia (X 3) on different dependently measured parameters. Additionally, the nanoemulsion-based NFs were prepared by the electrospinning technique using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer. Extensive in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo evaluations of the aforementioned formulae were conducted. Results: Both Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) established the complete dispersion of the nanoemulsion in the polymeric matrices of the prepared nanoemulgel and NFs. The ex vivo skin permeation data of clove essential oil from the prepared formulations showed that NFs can sustain its penetration through the skin comparably with nanoemulgel. Topical treatment with NFs (once application) and nanoemulgel (twice application) evoked a marvelous in vivo anti-inflammatory activity against croton oil-induced mouse skin inflammation model when compared with pure clove essential oil along with relatively higher efficacy of medicated NFs than that of medicated nanoemulgel. Such prominent anti-inflammatory activity was affirmed by histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. Conclusion: These results indicated that nanoemulsion-based nanoemulgel and nanoemulsion-based NFs could be introduced to the phytomedicine field as promising topical delivery systems for effective treatment of inflammatory diseases instead of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs that possess adverse effects.

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“…In the present study, WPI was used as a natural emulsifier and cinnamaldehyde was encapsulated in the WPI-stabilized emulsions. According to our previous work, 17 cinnamaldehyde-loaded emulsion droplets could provide numerous aldehyde groups and act as a cross-linking agent. WPI-stabilized cinnamaldehyde emulsions were prepared, and the emulsion gels were subsequently produced by adding Ca 2+ .…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controllable Viscoelastic Properties of Whey Protein-Based Emulsion Gels by Combined Cross-Linking with Calcium Ions and Cinnamaldehyde

Chen

McClements

et al. 2018

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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Whey protein-based emulsion gels were fabricated by combined covalent cross-linking with cinnamaldehyde and ionic cross-linking with calcium ions. The structural and rheological properties of these emulsion gels were characterized by microscopy, macrorheometry, and microrheometry. Soft to hard emulsion gels could be fabricated by altering the Ca2+ level. However, water separation occurred in the emulsion gels at high calcium levels, indicating that an appropriate balance of protein cross-linking was essential for a good functional performance of the emulsion gels. At a constant calcium ion level, cross-linking with cinnamaldehyde softened the texture of the emulsion gels and reduced the level of water separation. Thermal treatment could be used to strengthen the interaction between the whey proteins and calcium ions, presumably due to protein unfolding and aggregation. Rheology demonstrated that cross-linking reactions occurred between the whey protein and cinnamaldehyde at the oil–water interface, which decreased the viscosity of the emulsion gels, but increased their viscoelasticity. Microstructural changes observed by fluorescence microscopy were in agreement with the rheology results. Scanning electronic microscopy showed that the microstructure of the emulsion gels was strongly impacted by the presence of cinnamaldehyde, which led to a more uniform and smaller pore size. The gastrointestinal fate of the emulsion gels was determined using a simulated gastrointestinal tract model. The oral and gastric processing of the emulsion gels was strongly influenced by cinnamaldehyde cross-linking, with less aggregation being observed. The information obtained in this study may facilitate the development of more innovative protein-based products with novel functional attributes for use in foods and other applications.

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Microstructural, rheological, and antibacterial properties of cross-linked chitosan emulgels

Abstract: Antimicrobial emulgels were fabricated by cross-linking chitosan using cinnamaldehyde (CA) nanoemulsions.

Cited by 28 publications

References 29 publications

Sustainable Framework of Chitosan–Benzoxazine with Mutual Benefits: Low Curing Temperature and Improved Thermal and Mechanical Properties

Sustainable Framework of Chitosan–Benzoxazine with Mutual Benefits: Low Curing Temperature and Improved Thermal and Mechanical Properties

<p>Novel Clove Essential Oil Nanoemulgel Tailored by Taguchi’s Model and Scaffold-Based Nanofibers: Phytopharmaceuticals with Promising Potential as Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors in External Inflammation</p>

Controllable Viscoelastic Properties of Whey Protein-Based Emulsion Gels by Combined Cross-Linking with Calcium Ions and Cinnamaldehyde

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