Microstructural studies of direct-laser-deposited stainless steel 316L-Si on 316L base material

Influence of Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment (SMAT) on Microstructure, Tensile and Low-Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Additively Manufactured Stainless Steel 316L

“…From the variations in the color within the grains, the presence of subgrains and lattice distortions can be deduced. This is in line with the observations made by Belsvik et al [33] with respect to the microstructure evolution in DED-processed SS 316L-Si. In addition, some non-indexed areas can be noticed in the magnified IPF map in Figure 3b.…”

“…Thus, the grains are mainly orientated in the building direction; however, they are characterized by a slight shift towards the laser travel direction (LTD). This observation was similarly made in previous investigations on DED SS 316L [33] and can be explained by the local conductive heat transfer, i.e., the direction of heat flux. It can further be seen that the SS 316L specimen in the as-built condition was characterized by slightly increased texture intensity in BD.…”

“…From this map, the boundaries can be identified as phase-boundaries. In the study of Belsvik et al [33], a volume fraction of about 2.5% δ-ferrite on the interdendritic and subgrain boundaries was determined by EBSD analysis. In another study [35] investigating the stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of 304L substrate and 308L weld metal exposed to a salt spray, the authors showed that in a conventional fusion weld δ-ferrite can be formed intra-and inter-granularly.…”

“…This in line with the results from Belsvik et at. [33] reporting on a volume fraction of about 2.5% δ-ferrite determined by EBSD. According to [33], differences compared to the theoretical value may be related to poor statistics of the quantitative analysis.…”

Effect of GMAW Process Parameters and Heat Input on Weld Overlay of Austenitic Stainless Steel 316L-Si

“…The broad field of applications for overlays obtained by welding, using mainly stainless steel alloys as filler metal, has been promoting the growth of studies related to the influence of heat input on the microstructure and the optimization of mechanical properties in coated products [3]. High alloy stainless steels, such as 316L, with higher chromium, molybdenum and nickel contents, are one of the most studied in the series, as they are characterized by high corrosion resistance, good ductility, high strength and good weldability at relatively low costs [4]. 316LSi stainless steel is a special grade of austenitic stainless steels (ASS) with the addition of molybdenum, which increases an indicator of high resistance to pitting corrosion, and the addition of silicon, which stabilizes ferrite in the austenite matrix in a level that provides greater resistance to solidification cracks [5].…”