Microstructural Transformation, Qualitative and Quantitative Microelemental Restructuring of Enamel in a Wedge-Shaped Tooth Defect of Classes I and Ii

Abstract

Background. Over the past 20 years, the prevalence of wedge-shaped defects has increased by 14%, and in some countries of the world it reaches critical values ​​- 82%. At the same time, the treatment of this pathology is carried out at the later stages of its development with excision of the hard tissues of the tooth and subsequent restoration, without taking into account the initial macro- and microstructural changes in the enamel. The purpose of our study was an experimental in vitro study of anatomical and morphological features of the tooth enamel structure, its qualitative and quantitative composition in the initial forms of a wedge-shaped defect. Materials. As the material for our study we used intact teeth removed for orthodontic indications and with initial forms of a wedge-shaped defect of classes 1 and 2 according to the classification of Shevelyuk Yu.V., Makeeva I.M. (2011), subsequently 63 sections were made out of these teeth. Methods: clinical, experimental, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive analysis, statistical, analytical. Results. Structural transformations of enamel were revealed in the initial forms of the wedge-shaped defect, the boundaries of the lesion were determined, and morphological changes were established in the tissues adjacent to the lesion involved in the pathological process against the background of quantitative and qualitative indicators of its chemical composition. Conclusion. a comparative analysis of the enamel microstructure in normal and wedge-shaped defects confirms the heterogeneity of the lesion and the transformation of the chemical, quantitative and qualitative composition of the enamel.