Microstructure: a potential path to elucidate sex-specific pathological mechanisms in heart failure?

Heartbeat: sex-specific cardiac microstructural changes in patients with heart failure

“…In the accompanying editorial, Belzile and Sénéchal2 comment on the sex-specific clinical differences in patients with HF that ‘men are predominately suffering from macrovascular disease, with myocyte necrosis and scar formation. In contrast, women are predominately afflicted by endothelial inflammation and coronary microvascular dysfunction, with increased myocardial stiffness with age despite a lower tendency to develop fibrosis.…”