Microstructure and corrosion resistance of stainless steel manufactured by laser melting deposition

Yang, Shoufeng; Li, Chuanwei; Chen, A.Y.; Gan, Bin; Gu, Jianfeng

doi:10.1016/j.jmapro.2021.03.051

Cited by 27 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Naturally, the multiple of uniform density (MUD) value associated with columnar region (∼ 10.55) is higher than that of the equiaxed region (∼ 3.57).Therefore, the difference between the harder case 12-750-1 and the softer case 10-1250-1 is likely due to grain boundary strengthening. Furthermore, for case 12-750-1, the retained microstructure of unmelted powder led to a mean grain width value of 9.54 µm, which is smaller than that of 17.31 µm at the columnar region, similar range of mean grain width value has been observed in other DED printed SS316L[47], further supporting the hypothesis of grain boundary strengthening.The investigation into the difference in hardness sheds light on the importance of knowing the melt pool formation, a realization that resonates with the objectives of Refs [48,49]…”

supporting

confidence: 75%

Evaluating Clad Formations in Directed Energy Deposition Process Using a Dimensionless Analysis

Lim¹,

Zhang²,

Hu³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The growing interest in the directed energy deposition process in different industries has warranted a deeper understanding in the properties of the basic building block of the method: clad formation. In this study, the clad formation obtained by depositing stainless steel 316L (SS316L) powder with different laser traverse speed, laser power, and powder flow rate, were investigated. Repeatability was ensured through a wide sample range per parameter. The clad showed an increase in height with an increase in powder flow rate and a decrease in traverse speed. A deeper melt pool was formed with a higher laser power. Dimensionless analysis suggested that these effects of the parameters generally scale with a non-dimensional combination of the process parameters considered, which can be easily determined before printing and hence practical for applications. The analysis also revealed that different regimes of clad formation can be demarcated by the linear energy density, another term that relies only on process parameters that are prescribed. A critical linear energy density for printing of SS316L clads in this study was observed, below which resulted in poor adhesion to the substrate with occasional delamination. Interestingly, once the critical linear energy density was met, regardless of the variations in one or more of the parameters, there was generally no difference in hardness except for a few cases. These anomalies were further investigated using the electron back scattered diffraction technique, which illustrated how the microstructure of a clad will affect its macroscopic property such as hardness. With its ability to extract a wealth of insights, the procedure from this work will be useful for obtaining a range of optimal process parameters based on the type of application that is required of a directed energy deposition process.

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supporting

confidence: 75%

Evaluating Clad Formations in Directed Energy Deposition Process Using a Dimensionless Analysis

Lim¹,

Zhang²,

Hu³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…The peaks at 574.3 and 576.1-576.2 eV are assigned to Cr met and Cr 2 O 3 , respectively. The peak presented at 577.2-577.5 eV is associated with CrOOH [45,48,49]. Cr metal, Cr 3+ oxide and hydroxide show a broad peak shape.…”

Section: Xps Depth Analysis Of the Passive Film Of The Snc Rebarmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In order to obtain accurate fitting results, the XPS spectra were processed using XPS Peak software with unfixed peak positions. Based on references in the literature, the peak positions of metals, oxides and hydroxides were input into the software with the function of automatic peak-seeking in order to identify the peak position of each species within a given range [44][45][46][47].…”

Section: Xps Depth Analysis Of the Passive Film Of The Snc Rebarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing the Enhanced Passivation and Anti-Corrosion Performance of Surface-Nanocrystallization-Modified Cr-Alloyed Rebar via Electrochemical Testing and XPS Depth Analysis

Wang

Zou

et al. 2023

Coatings

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Surface nanocrystallization (SNC) modification can be used to realize the high-efficiency derusting of rusted Cr-alloyed rebar and obtain nanostructured grains on the surface of the rebar. The corrosion resistance performance of SNC rebar in a simulated Cl--containing concrete pore solution was evaluated on the basis of electrochemical experiments. Potentiodynamic polarization testing showed that the passivation current density of the SNC rebar was about 18% of that of the rusted rebar. The structural composition of the passivation film of the SNC rebar in a concrete environment was studied using a novel characterization method, namely XPS deep sputtering, which confirmed that it had higher concentrations of Cr/Fe oxide and hydroxide, and therefore exhibited an enhanced degree of oxidation. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were employed to investigate the microstructural characteristics of the SNC rebar, which was characterized by nanostructured grains with grain sizes ranging from 250 nm to 300 nm and which contained massive high-energy crystal defects, thereby promoting the film-forming reaction of Cr/Fe elements. The results of XPS depth analysis and microstructure characterization demonstrated that the SNC rebar exhibited excellent passivation performance in the concrete environment. These findings offer a new perspective on enhancing the passivation performance and chloride resistance of alloyed rebar, and provide guidance on the implementation of SNC rebar in actual engineering applications.

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“…Stainless steel (SS) is widely used in the nuclear power industry, seawater systems, medical instruments, aerospace, and manufacturing because of its excellent resistance to corrosion and oxidation [1][2][3][4][5]. However, due to the harsh working environments in which it is used SS needs to combine strength and ductility, as well as corrosion resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous Microstructure Provides a Good Combination of Strength and Ductility in Duplex Stainless Steel

Yang,

Li,

et al. 2024

Metals

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SAF2507 duplex stainless steel (DSS) is often used as a structural component in ocean-going vessels and marine petroleum exploitation equipment, which require superior mechanical properties. In this study, we used cold rolling (CR) at room temperature with 55% or 80% deformation amounts and subsequent annealing at 1273 K in 1 min to prepare SAF2507 samples with a heterogeneous structure (HS) that was composed of ferrite and austenite phases with different grain sizes. Compared with the homogeneous structure samples, the yield strength of the HS samples increased, while the ductility did not decrease. The 55%-1273 and 80%-1273 samples exhibited the hetero-zone boundary-affected regions on both sides of the grain boundary, phase boundary, and twin boundary. This resulted in hetero-deformation-induced (HDI) strengthening and strain hardening of samples during tensile deformation, which improved the ultimate tensile strength of the HS samples while maintaining a good uniform elongation. In addition, the heterogeneous structure of DSS had better corrosion resistance than the initial sample of coarse grain (CG) structure; mainly because the HS samples had finer grains and more grain boundaries on the DSS surface than the CG structure, which is conducive to the formation of high-density passivation film on the surface of stainless steel. The current study provides a new method of material selection of some structural components with the demands of high strength and good ductility.

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Microstructure and corrosion resistance of stainless steel manufactured by laser melting deposition

Cited by 27 publications

References 41 publications

Evaluating Clad Formations in Directed Energy Deposition Process Using a Dimensionless Analysis

Evaluating Clad Formations in Directed Energy Deposition Process Using a Dimensionless Analysis

Revealing the Enhanced Passivation and Anti-Corrosion Performance of Surface-Nanocrystallization-Modified Cr-Alloyed Rebar via Electrochemical Testing and XPS Depth Analysis

Heterogeneous Microstructure Provides a Good Combination of Strength and Ductility in Duplex Stainless Steel

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