Microstructure and geochemistry of lime plaster mortar from a heritage structure

Haneefa, K. Mohammed; Rani, S. Divya; Ramasamy, R.; Santhanam, Manu

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.07.159

Cited by 22 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Therefore, the calcite of the binder is the major contributor to the high peak of calcite in the spectra, while the limestone inclusions represent another, but minor, source of the calcite. The inclusions are the sources of the other mineral phases of quartz, feldspars, and partially the calcite, while aragonite and vaterite carbonate phases were most probably formed in the pore spaces of the mortars under certain conditions of temperature and pressure (Haneefa et al 2019:545–548; Rodriguez-Blanco et al 2011:270). In general, the presence of highly supersaturated solutions of Ca 2+ and CO 3 2 - ions in the mortar voids and pore spaces precipitate in different carbonate mineral phases; vaterite at low temperatures between 14 and 30ºC and aragonite at higher ones between 60 and 80ºC (Ogino et al 1987).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing the Chronology of Building the Southwest Church of Umm El-Jimal, Jordan by Ams Radiocarbon Dating of Mortar and Plaster

Al-Bashaireh

2024

Radiocarbon

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The research aims to reconstruct the chronology of building the Southwest Church, Umm el-Jimal, Jordan by AMS radiocarbon dating organic inclusions uncovered from the mortars collected from the floor of the church, seat of the apse and the base of the north wall. It sheds light on the major aspects of mortar recipes at the time of their production. Samples were examined macroscopically with magnifying lenses and characterized using archaeometric techniques of optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The radiocarbon dates showed that 594–643 AD is the most probable age for flooring and plastering the church and 995–1154 AD is the earliest possible date for its final collapse. The preparatory layers of the church floor were laid on an older one, probably of a yard, and its north wall was raised on an older base, both most probably date to the late fifth–early sixth century AD. The production recipe of the mortars is made from a lime binder and inclusions mainly of organic (charcoal) and inorganic (quartz, grog, volcanics). The mortars have the same recipe regardless their bedding and jointing functions which remained unchanged during the building stages of church complex.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing the Chronology of Building the Southwest Church of Umm El-Jimal, Jordan by Ams Radiocarbon Dating of Mortar and Plaster

Al-Bashaireh

2024

Radiocarbon

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“…However, the pores of C5S5Pb1 solidified lead contaminated soil were much more prominent than that those of Pb1, C2.5F5S5Pb1, and C5S2.5F2.5Pb1 under the same freezing and thawing cycles (Figure 14d). This suggests that the solidified contaminated soil tends to produce additional large aggregates and to form larger pores when the content of lime is relatively high due to the specific solidification mechanisms of lime [78]. This intuitively reflects the micro-mechanisms results of qu, E 50 and the c of C5S5Pb1 being relatively smaller and the k of C5S5Pb1 being larger than those of the other two kinds of Pb-CSCSs (Figure 5c, Figure 7c, Figure 11c, and Figure 13c) under the same freeze-thaw cycles.…”

Section: Correlations Between Ucs and Particle Size K And Pore Size (Sem)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Long-Term Repeated Freeze-Thaw Cycles on the Engineering Properties of Compound Solidified/Stabilized Pb-Contaminated Soil: Deterioration Characteristics and Mechanisms

Zhong¹,

Li²,

Li³

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The effects of long-term repeated freeze-thaw cycles and pollution levels on the engineering properties (qu, E50, φ, c, and k) of Pb-contaminated soils were investigated in various laboratory tests. These soils were solidified/stabilized (S/S) with three types of cement-based combined binders (C2.5S5F5, C5S2.5F2.5, and C5S5, cement, lime, and fly ash, mixed in different proportions; these materials are widely used in S/S technology). The strength and permeability coefficient of compound solidified/stabilized Pb-contaminated soils (Pb-CSCSs) were determined based on measurements of unconfined compressive strength (UCS), direct shear, and permeability. CT scanning, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) tests were employed to analyse the deterioration mechanisms under various repetitions of freeze-thaw cycles. The results showed that, under repeated freeze-thaw cycles, the engineering properties of Pb-CSCSs all degraded to varying degrees, though degradation tended to stabilise after 30 days of freeze-thaw cycles. The study also found that the pollutants obstruct hydration and other favourable reactions within the soil structure (such as ion exchanges and agglomerations and pozzolanic reactions). The activation of hydration reactions and the rearrangement of soil particles by freeze-thaw cycles thus caused the engineering properties to fluctuate, and soils exhibited different deterioration characteristics with changes in Pb2+ content.

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“…It is indeed necessary to obtain information about the inner core of the structural elements, identifying the mechanical properties of materials that can change greatly from point to point. In addition, the type of mortar used in the realization of its masonry can also influence the performance of the wall, due to the weathering products that can form and which can affect the durability of the structure [11,12]. Therefore, the masonry should be able to accommodate some degree of movement from creep or thermal effects without cracking, and must be sufficiently strong to develop appropriate adhesion between the elements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortar Characterization of Historical Masonry Damaged by Riverbank Failure: The Case of Lungarno Torrigiani (Florence)

et al. 2023

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The research of structural masonry associated with geo-hydrological hazards in Cultural Heritage is a multidisciplinary issue, requiring consideration of several aspects including the characterization of used materials. On 25 May 2016, loss of water from the subterranean pipes and of the aqueduct caused an Arno riverbank failure damaging a 100 m long portion of the historical embankment wall of Lungarno Torrigiani in Florence. The historical masonry was built from 1854–1855 by Giuseppe Poggi and represents a historical example of an engineering approach to riverbank construction, composed of a scarp massive wall on foundation piles, with a rubble masonry internal core. The failure event caused only a cusp-shaped deformation to the wall without any shattering or toppling. A complete characterization of the mortars was performed to identify the technologies, raw materials and state of conservation in order to understand why the wall has not collapsed. Indeed, the mortars utilized influenced the structural behavior of masonry, and their characterization was fundamental to improve the knowledge of mechanical properties of civil architectural heritage walls. Therefore, the aim of this research was to analyze the mortars from mineralogical–petrographic, physical and mechanical points of view, to evaluate the contribution of the materials to damage events. Moreover, the results of this study helped to identify compatible project solutions for the installation of hydraulically and statically functional structures to contain the riverbank.

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Microstructure and geochemistry of lime plaster mortar from a heritage structure

Cited by 22 publications

References 29 publications

Reconstructing the Chronology of Building the Southwest Church of Umm El-Jimal, Jordan by Ams Radiocarbon Dating of Mortar and Plaster

Reconstructing the Chronology of Building the Southwest Church of Umm El-Jimal, Jordan by Ams Radiocarbon Dating of Mortar and Plaster

Effects of Long-Term Repeated Freeze-Thaw Cycles on the Engineering Properties of Compound Solidified/Stabilized Pb-Contaminated Soil: Deterioration Characteristics and Mechanisms

Mortar Characterization of Historical Masonry Damaged by Riverbank Failure: The Case of Lungarno Torrigiani (Florence)

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