Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction- and electron-beam welded Ti–6Al–4V and Ti–6Al–2Sn–4Zr–6Mo

Pederson, Robert; Niklasson, Fredrik; Skystedt, F.; Warren, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2012.05.087

Cited by 54 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The bulk hardness of the bimodal alloy, measured from micro‐indentation ( H exp‐MI = 4.31 GPa at P max = 500 mN), is somewhat lower compared to that obtained from nano‐indentation ( H exp‐NI = 4.96 GPa at P max = 5 mN). Also, these nano‐ and micro‐hardness values are much higher than that previously reported (3.423 GPa) by Pederson et al for a bimodal Ti–6Al–4V alloy using Vickers indentation at a load of 5 N.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 59%

“…These differences in hardness between (i) that measured from the nano‐ and micro‐indentation, and (ii) that reported in ref . versus obtained in the present study, can be explained considering the differences in indentation loads used in each of these cases (5 & 10 mN for nano‐indentation versus 250 & 500 mN for micro‐indentation and 5 N in ref …”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 57%

“…ISE addresses the variation of experimentally determined properties (e.g., hardness) of a material, usually obtained from micro ‐ and nano ‐ indentations, with different length scales of penetration depths . It is generally caused by the enhanced strain hardening, leading to larger hardness values at smaller indentation depths, in comparison to that for the larger indentation depths . The occurrence of strain gradient mediated plasticity in the deformation zone beneath the indenter tip at smaller penetration depths (in the micron and submicron lengths) is the prime reason for such size dependent indentation mechanical properties .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indentation Response and Structure‐Property Correlation in a Bimodal Ti–6Al–4V Alloy

2017

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Understanding the deformation behavior of multi-phase alloys under external loading requires careful mechanical characterization of the individual constituent phases at various length scales. The present study first evaluates the elastic moduli and hardness of the microstructural constituents viz. primary a (a p ) and transformed b (secondary a (a s ) plus retained prior b) phases in a bimodal Ti-6Al-4V alloy by nanoindentation using different loads. The bulk mechanical properties of the overall microstructure are then determined by grid wise nano-indentation, as well as micro-indentation. The alloy shows a pronounced indentation size effect; the hardness increases with the decrease in indentation load, or depth of penetration. Assuming an iso-stress condition for individual constituents (a p and transformed b) in the rule of mixture approach, the bulk mechanical properties of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy are reasonably predicted. Such prediction of bulk properties, however, is not possible when a similar calculation is performed using iso-strain condition. The transformed b phase shows disparity between the estimated and experimental values, while considering the a s and b phases individually, on both iso-stress and iso-strain assumptions. From these results, the influence of individual microstructural phases (size, distribution, volume fraction, morphology) and the interfaces between them, is found key in controlling the overall bulk mechanical response of the alloy system. KeywordsNano and micro-indentation, bimodal Ti-6Al-4V, indentation size effect, rule of mixture, iso-stress and iso-strain, grain boundary and interface

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 59%

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indentation Response and Structure‐Property Correlation in a Bimodal Ti–6Al–4V Alloy

2017

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“…Electron beam welding (EBW), an advanced fusion welding technique, is widely used to join and repair thick components in aero-engine manufacturing [1][2][3][4]. EBW is highly suited for joining titanium alloys as the high vacuum inside the chamber, where the process is carried out, shields hot metal from contamination [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The unique high vacuum welding process can effectively prevent the dissolving of detrimental elements in atmospheric gases, such as oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and hydrogen. Moreover, the high heat intensity associated with the EBW creates a small and narrow fusion zone (FZ), heat-affected zone (HAZ), and can be adapted for thick components [1,[4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Base Material on Microstructure and Texture Evolution of a Ti–6Al–4V Electron-Beam Welded Joint

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2017

Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.)

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The effect of base material (BM) on microstructure and crystallographic orientation evolution of a Ti-6Al-4V electron-beam welded joint was investigated. Meanwhile, the crystallographic orientation of prior b grains was studied by advanced electron backscattered diffraction data processing. The inhomogeneity of microstructure within welded joint was formed due to the different microstructures of BM. By comparing microstructure details of the welded joint, including microstructure morphology and crystallographic orientation with those of the base material, it can be found that both the microstructure morphology and crystallographic orientation of the EBW joint would be controlled by BM.

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Fatigue Strength Dependence on Microstructure and Defects in Ti‐6Al‐4V Welds

Tolvanen

Pederson

Klement

2016

Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Titanium

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The effect of defects and microstructure on mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V welds produced by plasma arc welding (PAW) and tungsten inert gas welding (TIG) was studied. Both types of welds were fatigue tested at 250°C. Weld microstructure, fracture surfaces, crack initiation sites and internal defects such as porosity were studied using optical microscopy and SEM. Also microhardness measurements were performed. The fatigue performance of the welds tested at 250°C was found to be comparable to each other. Fatigue cracks in almost all samples were found to initiate at pores, especially the ones close to the sample surface. Large pores and pores close to the surface were found to have the largest effect on fatigue life. The weld microstructures consisted of coarse prior -grains.

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Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction- and electron-beam welded Ti–6Al–4V and Ti–6Al–2Sn–4Zr–6Mo

Cited by 54 publications

References 10 publications

Indentation Response and Structure‐Property Correlation in a Bimodal Ti–6Al–4V Alloy

Indentation Response and Structure‐Property Correlation in a Bimodal Ti–6Al–4V Alloy

Effect of Base Material on Microstructure and Texture Evolution of a Ti–6Al–4V Electron-Beam Welded Joint

Fatigue Strength Dependence on Microstructure and Defects in Ti‐6Al‐4V Welds

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