Microstructure and Mechanical Properties Relationship of Friction Stir- and A-GTA-Welded 9Cr-1Mo to 2.25Cr-1Mo Steel

Sunilkumar, D.; Muthukumaran, S.; Vasudevan, M.; Reddy, G. Madhusudan

doi:10.1007/s11665-020-05426-0

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Activated TIG and the use of the interlayers have been proposed as effective methods to minimize diffusion at the interface [21,22]. The diffusion of elements mainly encountered during the PWHT process and to remove the process of PWT after welding, Snilkumar et al [23] suggested the joining of P22 and P91 steel using the solid-state friction stir welding process. However, inferior mechanical properties were obtained for the FSW joint as compared to the A-GTA joint.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Single Bevel Groove Geometry on the Impact Strength of Dissimilar Welded Joint of P22 and P91 Steel

et al. 2022

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The dissimilar combination of 2.25Cr-1Mo (P22) and modified 9Cr-1Mo (P91) obtained using Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) process employing the Ni-based superalloy filler ERNiCr-3 (IN82) and ERNiCrMo-3 (IN625) have been investigated for microstructure evolution and mechanical properties. The butt weld joint was produced using single bevel groove geometry. The structural integrity of the welded joint was measured in respect of tensile strength, impact toughness and hardness. The alloying elements’ segregation at the inter-dendritic areas of the weld metal was witnessed while using the IN82 and IN625 filler. The impact test trials showed the mixed mode of fracture with an impact toughness of 82 ± 6 J and 70 ± 5 J for IN82 and IN625 filler, respectively, ensuring that the welded joint was safe for the end boiler application. The tensile test coupons were fractured from the P22 base metal in all the trials and for both the fillers which confirmed the negligible effect of the filler composition on the tensile properties. The hardness plots showed the inhomogeneity in hardness value, which was also supported by the microstructure evolution along the weldments. The average hardness of the IN82 filler was measured lower than the IN625 filler.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Single Bevel Groove Geometry on the Impact Strength of Dissimilar Welded Joint of P22 and P91 Steel

et al. 2022

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“…Autogenous TIG and activated TIG joints of P22/P91 steel also produce poor impact toughness of the weld metal due to the formation of brittle untempered martensite [ 11 , 19 ]. The PWHT of the dissimilar welded joint of P91 and P22 steel was recommended by many of the researchers to increase the impact strength by tempering the martensite [ 11 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. However, PWHT of the welded joint leads to the diffusion of elements across the interface of low Cr P22 steel and high Cr weld metal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pandey et al [ 20 ] studied the mechanical properties of the welded joint of P22/P91 steel in as-welded (AW) and PWHT duration and reported heterogeneity in mechanical properties, i.e., hardness and toughness. The high-temperature tensile behavior of the dissimilar welded joint of T23 and T91 steel showed that the grain boundary slides and that the cluster formation of M 23 C 6 precipitates as it converges around prior austenite grain boundaries (PAGBs), resulting in cavity formation and ultimately final cleavage mode of fracture [ 22 ]. The creep behavior of the dissimilar Shielded Metal Arc Welded (SMAW) joint of P22/P91 steel was performed at a temperature of 550 °C in a stress range of 100–260 MPa for both AW and PWHT conditions [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The literature shows that the SZ and HZ formed during the PWHT showed an adverse effect on the long-term creep performance of the welded joint and the size and hardness of these zones were mainly observed as a function of exposure temperature and time. Some research has been conducted to minimize the width of these zones by using the advanced welding processes or to avoid the need of PWHT, which is the original cause of carbon migration zones formation [ 11 , 17 , 18 , 22 , 25 ]. Kulkarni et al [ 11 ] investigated the effect of the Activated-Tungsten Inert Gas (A-TIG) welding process on the carbon diffusion distance and their effect on hardness variation along the interface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The width of the SZ and HZ and size of the HAZs were also measured to be lesser than the fusion welded joint, i.e., Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) [ 25 ]. Sunil Kumar et al [ 22 ] conducted a joining of P22 with 9Cr-1Mo steel using the Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process and the mechanical properties of the FSW joint were compared with the multi-pass GTAW joint. A study on carbon migration zones was also conducted for both GTAW and FSW joints.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study on Microstructural Characterization, Mechanical Properties and Residual Stress of GTAW Dissimilar Joints of P91 and P22 Steels

et al. 2021

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This article deals with the dissimilar joining of two different grade Cr-Mo steel (2.25Cr-1Mo: P22 and modified 9Cr-1Mo: P91) for power plant application. The dissimilar butt-welded joint was produced for conventional V groove design by using the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process with the application of an ERNiCrMo-3 Ni-based super alloy filler. A microstructure characterization was performed to measure the inhomogeneity in the microstructure and element diffusion across the interface in a welded joint. The experiments were also performed to evaluate the mechanical properties of the dissimilar welded joint in as-welded (AW) and post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) conditions. An acceptable level of the mechanical properties was obtained for the AW joint. After PWHT, a significant level of the element diffusion across the interface of the weld metal and P22 steel was observed, resulting in heterogeneity in microstructure near the interface, which was also supported by the hardness variation. Inhomogeneity in mechanical properties (impact strength and hardness) was measured across the weldments for the AW joint and was reduced after the PWHT. The tensile test results indicate an acceptable level of tensile properties for the welded joint in both AW and PWHT conditions and failure was noticed in the weak region of the P22 steel instead of the weld metal.

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Role of buttering layer composition on microstructural heterogeneity and mechanical properties of Alloy 617 and P92 steel dissimilar welded joints for future Indian AUSC program

Rathore,

Kumar,

Sirohi

et al. 2024

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Restrictive operating conditions (even exceeding 700 °C) of materials in advanced ultra super critical (AUSC) power plants and the need to minimize manufacturing and maintenance costs require the production of dissimilar metal welded joints (DMW). Significant differences in the physical and chemical properties of welded materials lead to phenomena that reduce the weldability of the metals used and force the search for solutions that limit unfavorable phenomena, e.g., the use of buttering layers. The study presents a comparison of two types of joints with Alloy 617 (UNS N06617) and ferritic P92 (UNS K92460) steel made using Inconel 82 (ENiCrFe-3) and Inconel 617 (ERNiCrCoMo-1) alloys buttering layer and the corresponding chemical composition of filler metals. All areas of the joints made with the gas tungsten arc welding process were subjected to structural investigations (optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and mechanical tests (microhardness, room and high temperature tensile, and toughness testing). Despite the more complicated welding procedure, sound welded joints were obtained with favorable properties resulting, inter alia, from the reduced thickness of the martensite layer in HAZ of P92 steel and the limited diffusion of alloy components compared to welded joints without the buttering layer. This also resulted in a reduction of the maximum hardness (especially in the case of Inconel 82 buttering—by 15–30 HV0.5 in comparison with Inconel 617 buttering) and an increase in strength while limiting the decrease in plasticity (even 663 MPa tensile strength and 21% of elongation for Inconel 617 buttered joint). Moreover, improved high-temperature performance (approximately 70–100 MPa) of the welded joint following the application of the buttering layer was confirmed. The presented results allow for drawing general conclusions that both proposed welding procedures can be recommended for use in the working conditions occurring at AUSC.

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Microstructure and Mechanical Properties Relationship of Friction Stir- and A-GTA-Welded 9Cr-1Mo to 2.25Cr-1Mo Steel

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Effect of Single Bevel Groove Geometry on the Impact Strength of Dissimilar Welded Joint of P22 and P91 Steel

Effect of Single Bevel Groove Geometry on the Impact Strength of Dissimilar Welded Joint of P22 and P91 Steel

Study on Microstructural Characterization, Mechanical Properties and Residual Stress of GTAW Dissimilar Joints of P91 and P22 Steels

Role of buttering layer composition on microstructural heterogeneity and mechanical properties of Alloy 617 and P92 steel dissimilar welded joints for future Indian AUSC program

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