“…The spectra were divided into several regions: 1) 3700–3050 cm −1 regions corresponded to the stretching vibration of hydroxyl group, O–H, 2) 3000–2800 cm −1 regions correlated with the symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibration in the C–H group, 3) 1800–900 cm −1 regions were attributed to the stretching vibration of multiple bonds group, that is, CC and CO (carbonyl), stretching vibration of the C–C and C–O (hydroxyl, ester, or ether) bonds, along with the deformation vibrations of C–H bond and O–H groups of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. [ 13,29,30 ] According to the spectra, prominent changes in the bands of the region between 1800 and 900 cm −1 were observed with the increase of the HTC temperature and time. From the spectra, the shift of the band from 1730 cm −1 (carbonyl CO) to 1700 cm −1 (OC 2 H 2 C 2 H 2 CHO) indicated the decomposition of hemicellulose.…”