Microstructure and Properties of a 2.25Cr1Mo0.25V Heat‐Resistant Steel Produced by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

Guo, Chun; Liu, Suhang; Hu, Ruizhang; Liu, Chunhui; Cao, Feng

doi:10.1155/2020/8470738

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…They said that optimum parameters were achieved at low pulse on time, high pulse off time, and a large value of current. Guo et al [ 58 ] studied the microstructure and characteristics of heat resistant steel (2.25Cr1Mo0.25V) using the Wire-Arc AM (WAAM) process. They claimed that subtract after processing through the WAAM technique exhibit high quality, excellent metallurgical features, and defect-free surface.…”

Section: Steels’ Classification Properties Machining Difficulties and Sustainability Requirements In Steels’ Machiningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progressing towards Sustainable Machining of Steels: A Detailed Review

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Machining operations are very common for the production of auto parts, i.e., connecting rods, crankshafts, etc. In machining, the use of cutting oil is very necessary, but it leads to higher machining costs and environmental problems. About 17% of the cost of any product is associated with cutting fluid, and about 80% of skin diseases are due to mist and fumes generated by cutting oils. Environmental legislation and operators’ safety demand the minimal use of cutting fluid and proper disposal of used cutting oil. The disposal cost is huge, about two times higher than the machining cost. To improve occupational health and safety and the reduction of product costs, companies are moving towards sustainable manufacturing. Therefore, this review article emphasizes the sustainable machining aspects of steel by employing techniques that require the minimal use of cutting oils, i.e., minimum quantity lubrication, and other efficient techniques like cryogenic cooling, dry cutting, solid lubricants, air/vapor/gas cooling, and cryogenic treatment. Cryogenic treatment on tools and the use of vegetable oils or biodegradable oils instead of mineral oils are used as primary techniques to enhance the overall part quality, which leads to longer tool life with no negative impacts on the environment. To further help the manufacturing community in progressing towards industry 4.0 and obtaining net-zero emissions, in this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the recent, state of the art sustainable techniques used for machining steel materials/components by which the industry can massively improve their product quality and production.

show abstract

Section: Steels’ Classification Properties Machining Difficulties and Sustainability Requirements In Steels’ Machiningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progressing towards Sustainable Machining of Steels: A Detailed Review

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The problems that arise might be solved by investigation of thermal exposure and structural transformations in the 3D printing [2,8], or by developing methods to optimize printing with a short arc and reducing heat input [37]. The other way is thermal treatment to improve the structure after 3D printing [38]. In the observed manuscripts, standard GMAW and heat input modes (mainly CMT) were compared.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Mechanical Behavior of Heat-Resistant Steel Manufactured by Multilayer Arc Deposition

Vlasov,

Gordienko,

Eremin

et al. 2023

Metals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The manuscript demonstrates the structure and the mechanical behavior of a material manufactured by multilayer arc deposition. Three-dimensional printing was performed using OK Autrod 13.14 wire on a substrate of heat-resistant 12Cr1MoV steel in the standard gas metal arc welding (GMAW) mode and in the coldArc mode with reduced heat input. The printed materials have 40–45% higher strength and 50–70% lower ductility compared to the substrate. The microhardness of the printed materials is higher than the substrate, but it is reduced at the transition regions between the deposited layers. These regions have been studied using optical microscopy and digital image correlation. Such layer boundaries are an additional factor in reducing the plasticity of the material. The increase in strength and decrease in ductility for printed materials compared to the ferrite–pearlitic substrate is associated with a high cooling rate and the formation of a mixture of acicular and allotriomorphic ferrite, which have higher hardness. The structure of the obtained layers along the height is non-uniform and undergoes changes during the deposition of new layers. The main difference between the 3D printing modes is the reduced heat input in the coldArc mode, which results in less heat accumulation and faster cooling of the wall. Thus, a more dispersed and solid structure was formed compared with GMAW. It was concluded that the cooling rate and the level of heat input are the main factors affecting the structure formation (martensitic, bainitic, or ferritic), the height and quality of the surface, and the mechanical properties of the printed wall.

show abstract

“…AM allowed the reduction of waste material, minimal production lead time, and design constraints, and reduced the cost involved. AM technology can be classified as metallic [2] and non-metallic AM, depending on the material and joining [3]. Powder and wire technologies are two distinct AM approaches to fabricating metal parts using Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) and Directed Energy Deposition (DED).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation on the performance of sustainable wire arc additive manufacturing using micro plasma arc welding

Rosli,

Alkahari,

Norani

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Metal additive manufacturing has gained popularity due to its significant advancement in minimising waste. The product design using additive manufacturing (AM) does not require mould and less material required, which is less waste. In this way, AM has the potential to transform the manufacturing industries towards greater sustainability. Besides, AM allow more complex designs and shape than conventional manufacturing. Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is one of the most popular metal AM that has received significant attention due to its usefulness for localising, repairing, and modifying instead of discarding and replacing entire components. However, conventional welding technology faced the issue of significant heat input, low surface quality, and low dimensional accuracy of WAAM components. Micro-plasma arc welding (MPAW) is a new alternative to the WAAM process. The speciality of MPAW is low current provided of 1A to 25A current range, leading to low heat input and energy-efficient manufacturing. The present study shows various metallic structures developed using an MPAW-based WAAM system, and the relative error between the CAD model and four different structures was determined. Overall, the study outcome shows the geometric uniformity of parts produced with an MPAW-based WAAM system and demonstrates smooth surface finish can be obtained.

show abstract

Microstructure and Properties of a 2.25Cr1Mo0.25V Heat‐Resistant Steel Produced by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

Cited by 8 publications

References 29 publications

Progressing towards Sustainable Machining of Steels: A Detailed Review

Progressing towards Sustainable Machining of Steels: A Detailed Review

Structure and Mechanical Behavior of Heat-Resistant Steel Manufactured by Multilayer Arc Deposition

Evaluation on the performance of sustainable wire arc additive manufacturing using micro plasma arc welding

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About