Microstructure and Properties of ER50-6 Steel Fabricated by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

Abstract

In this paper, ER50-6 steel was fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) with an A-W GTAW system. The microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behaviors of ER50-6 steel by WAAM were studied. The results showed that, with the GMAW current increased, from the bottom to the top of the sample, the microstructure was fine ferrite and granular pearlite, ferrite equiaxed grains with fine grains at grain boundaries, and columnar ferrite, respectively. The average hardness in the vertical direction of samples 1# and 2# was 146 and 153 HV, respectively. The hardness of sample 2# increased because of the refinement of grain. The pores in the sample increased as the bypass current increased. The higher bypass current also has a deterioration effect on the corrosion behavior of ER50-6 steel.

Microstructure and Corrosion Properties of Wire Arc Additively Manufactured Multi-Trace and Multilayer Stainless Steel 321

“…For the SS 321 workpiece, the Vickers hardness increased with distance from the bottom plate, but the hardness range was not extensive, indicating that this WAAM workpiece had good consistency. This result was consistent with our other WAAM stainless steel [19]. The maximum average hardness of the WAAM SS 321 workpiece was 202 HV, while the maximum hardness of the SS 321 sample fabricated by electron beam was 198 HV [20].…”

Corrosion response of steels fabricated through arc directed energy deposition additive manufacturing: a review

“…33 Conversely, higher bypass current had a negligible impact on corrosion resistance, likely due to the presence of defects. 31 In addition, lower interlayer temperature led to inferior corrosion resistance, primarily due to Cr-depletion and texturing preferences. 50 Microstructural imperfections and heterogeneities such as detrimental phases, porosity and impurities were found to be detrimental to fatigue corrosion resistance.…”

“…This decrease in heat flow density results in a lower temperature of the melt pool compared to welding without bypass current, ultimately leading to a reduction in weld size. 70 Subsequently, Hu et al 31 investigated the influence of bypass current on the corrosion resistance of steel fabricated via the WAAM process. Their findings revealed 31 that an increase in bypass current resulted in an insignificant decline in corrosion resistance.…”

“…70 Subsequently, Hu et al 31 investigated the influence of bypass current on the corrosion resistance of steel fabricated via the WAAM process. Their findings revealed 31 that an increase in bypass current resulted in an insignificant decline in corrosion resistance. This decline could be attributed to the presence of additional defects like pores and grain refinement within the alloy, consequently creating more active sites for corrosion.…”

Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance in Bimetal Materials of Q345 and 308 Steel Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing

“…The energy efficiency of arc additives manufacturing processes is 90% under some circumstances [6,7]. It can fabricate dense metal components layer-by-layer, and it has the characteristics of high heat input, lower materials supply cost, fast forming speed, and higher deposition rate [8][9][10]. Among all additive manufacturing technologies, wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technology, taking the welding wires as the filling materials, is the most suitable for manufacturing large parts and complex components.…”