Microstructure and thermal expansion behavior of natural microcrystalline graphite

Shen, Ke; Cao, Xinlei; Huang, Zheng‐Hong; Shen, Wei; Kang, Feiyu

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2021.02.055

Cited by 30 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…[6] [7] In the last decade, efforts have been made to enhance mechanical strength and conductivity from the perspectives of material design and manufacturing process technology application. In terms of materials, fillers contribute more significantly to electrical conductivity and other electrochemical properties, including natural graphite (NG), [8] carbon black (CB), [9] graphene, [10] carbon nanotubes (CNT), [11] and conjugated polymers such as poly (1, 4-phenylene sulfide) and polypyrrole. [12][13][14][15] Fillers have shifted from traditional carbon/epoxy composites to carbon fibers with conductive characteristics, enhancing battery performance, improving conductivity stability, and reducing production costs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress and Prospects of Bipolar Plate Materials for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

2024

HSET

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The bipolar plate is an essential component of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), with crucial functions such as gas separation, cooling, conduction, heat dissipation, and water ejection. The advancement of proton exchange membrane fuel cell technology relies on the performance of the bipolar plate. Recognizing the significance of bipolar plates for PEMFC functionality, researchers have been striving to create bipolar plates with high conductivity, good gas tightness, appropriate mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and cost-effectiveness. This paper provides a detailed analysis of recent research progress on bipolar plates, aiming to contribute to the development of new and optimized products in the PEM fuel cell industry. The study in this paper focuses on three aspects: (1) Introduction to the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell technology system and development directions, (2) Discussion on the structure of carbon-based fillers and their impact on the final electrical performance of composite bipolar plates, (3) Introduction to the Dual Percolation Effects of resins and Their Applications.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress and Prospects of Bipolar Plate Materials for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

2024

HSET

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“…52 While MG is composed of many tiny graphite crystals with random orientation and sizes less than 1 μm. 53 These microcrystals are anisotropic and are connected by AC phases to form blocks or large particles, and their isotropy is shown on the macro scale. 54 Li + causes deformation around lithium intercalation domains when embedded in the flexible MG structure, so MG has high-rate performance, excellent cycling stability, and good electrolyte compatibility in LIBs.…”

Section: Graphite Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review of various carbonaceous materials for anodes in lithium-ion batteries

Chen,

Li,

Wang

et al. 2024

Dalton Trans.

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“…Microcrystalline graphite (MG) is another type of resourceful and low‐cost NG, which consists of many tiny graphite crystals (less than 1 µm in size) with random orientations. [ 113 ] These anisotropic microcrystals are connected by amorphous carbon forming massive or granular particles, which demonstrate isotropic properties at a macro level. [ 4 ]…”

Section: Natural Graphite As An Anode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microcrystalline graphite (MG) is another type of resourceful and low-cost NG, which consists of many tiny graphite crystals (less than 1 µm in size) with random orientations. [113] These anisotropic microcrystals are connected by amorphous carbon forming massive or granular particles, which demonstrate isotropic properties at a macro level. [4] MG holds great potential as an anode material for LIBs because of its low price, good electrolyte compatibility, high-rate capability, and excellent cyclic stability.…”

Section: Structure and Properties Of Microcrystalline Graphitementioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the Roles of Natural Graphite in Ongoing Lithium‐Ion Batteries

et al. 2022

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namely natural graphite (NG) and artificial graphite. NG originates from organics rich in carbon under long-term hightemperature and high-pressure geological environments, while artificial graphite is obtained by artificial carbonization and graphitization of organics under high temperature. The main types of NG include flake graphite (FG) and microcrystalline graphite (MG). NG, such as flake FG, delivers high capacity owing to its larger anisotropic crystalline domains, while the artificial graphite with higher purity and larger fraction of edge planes caused by smaller crystalline size presents excellent electrochemical kinetics, long cycle life, but low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE). [9,10] NG has drawn great attention as anode material in LIBs due to the outstanding features such as high energy density, excellent processability, and low cost. [11,12] By 2020, NG accounted for 39% of the anode material market compared with 58% of artificial graphite. [13] It should be noted that the market share of NG will continue to grow due to the requirements for reducing CO 2 emission and environmental footprint since the production of artificial graphite is energy-intensive, high cost, and time consuming. [14] China is rich in resources of NG and is the world's largest exporter of NG. [15] FG shows a typical layered and anisotropic structure in which large graphite crystals stack together within orientation. [16] When used as an anode material, FG presents high specific capacity and ICE, but poor cyclic stability due to the structure destruction caused by volume expansion. [17,18] MG presents isotropic structure, consisting of graphitic microcrystals randomly stacked together. The MG anode presents better cyclic stability and outstanding rate performance due to the small volume expansion and shortened lithium ion (Li + ) diffusion distance, but low ICE owing to the large surface area. [16] It should be noted that our group invented NG-based materials as early as 1992, [19][20][21] and introduced such low-cost materials in many aspects of applications, and finally into LIBs as commercial anodes in 1997. [22][23][24] To improve its electrochemical performance, surface modification such as carbon coating is essential for NG to form a stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer, which can reduce the initial irreversible capacity, enhance the cyclability, and improve the low-temperature as well as thermal stability. [25] Besides, the NG can be hybridized with other carbon materials, including carbon nanotube (CNT), [26][27][28] Graphite, commonly including artificial graphite and natural graphite (NG), possesses a relatively high theoretical capacity of 372 mA h g -1 and appropriate lithiation/de-lithiation potential, and has been extensively used as the anode of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). With the requirements of reducing CO 2 emission to achieve carbon neutral, the market share of NG anode will continue to grow due to its excellent processability and low production energy consumption. NG, which is abundant in Chi...

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Microstructure and thermal expansion behavior of natural microcrystalline graphite

Cited by 30 publications

References 17 publications

Research Progress and Prospects of Bipolar Plate Materials for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Research Progress and Prospects of Bipolar Plate Materials for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

A comprehensive review of various carbonaceous materials for anodes in lithium-ion batteries

Revisiting the Roles of Natural Graphite in Ongoing Lithium‐Ion Batteries

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