Microstructure characterisation of Ti-6Al-4V from different additive manufacturing processes

Neikter, Magnus; Åkerfeldt, Pia; Pederson, Robert; Antti, Marta‐Lena

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/258/1/012007

Cited by 30 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The formation of such pores can have detrimental effects to the ductility and fatigue properties of the component produced [23]. During the build process, the elevated temperatures make the material particularly susceptible to oxidation and this requires processes to be carried out within an inert atmosphere to prevent oxidation of the material [18]. In DED processes, shielding with an inert gases, such as argon, is used to prevent oxygen and nitrogen exposure with the hot material.…”

Section: Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hybrid processing routes involve thermomechanical post processing of parts manufactured by NNS methods to enhance the mechanical properties of the part. The development of these types of processes has been motivated by the need to improve the mechanical properties of NNS components in their as-built condition, which is typically inferior to forged material and therefore makes these components unsuitable for structurally critical applications [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Near Net Shape Manufacture of Titanium Alloy Components from Powder and Wire: A Review of State-of-the-Art Process Routes

Childerhouse

Jackson

2019

Metals

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Near net shape (NNS) manufacturing offers an alternative to conventional processes for the manufacture of titanium alloy components. Compared to the conventional routes, which typically require extensive material removal of forged billets, NNS methods offer more efficient material usage and can significantly reduce machining requirements. Furthermore, NNS manufacturing processes offer benefits such as greater flexibility and reduced costs compared to conventional methods. Processes such as metal additive manufacturing (AM) have started to be adopted in niche applications, most notably for the manufacture of medical implants, where many conventionally forged components have been replaced by those manufactured by AM processes. However, for more widespread adoption of these emerging processes, an improvement in the confidence in the techniques by manufacturers is necessary. This requires addressing challenges such as the limited mechanical properties of parts in their as-built condition compared to wrought products and the post-process machining requirements of components manufactured by these routes. In this review, processes which use a powder or wire feedstock are evaluated to assess their capabilities for the manufacture of titanium alloy components. These processes include powder bed fusion and direct energy deposition metal additive processes as well as hybrid routes, which combine powder metallurgy with thermomechanical post-processing.

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Section: Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near Net Shape Manufacture of Titanium Alloy Components from Powder and Wire: A Review of State-of-the-Art Process Routes

Childerhouse

Jackson

2019

Metals

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“…Yüksek biriktirme oranları tercih edildiğinde tel, daha karmaşık parçaların üretilmek istenmesinde ise sıkıştırılmış toz ile üretim işlemi daha iyi olacaktır [10]. Diğer metal eklemeli imalat yöntemleri ile kıyaslandığında tel ark eklemeli imalat işlemi düşük maliyet, yüksek malzeme kullanımı ve yüksek biriktirme oranına sahiptir [12].…”

Section: Son İşlemlerunclassified

3B Metal Yazıcı Kullanılarak MIG-MAG Kaynak Yöntemi İle Tamir-Onarım Kaynak Uygulamasına Bir Örnek

Ayan¹,

Sarı²,

Kahraman³

2018

Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi

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Bu çalışmada; MIG-MAG kaynak ünitesi, 3B metal yazıcıya monte edilerek MAG kaynak yöntemi ile bir tamironarım kaynak işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaç için kırılmış kabul edilen bir makine dişlisi kullanılmıştır. Kırılmış dişlinin tasarımı bilgisayar destekli ortamda tasarlanıp lazer kesme işlemi ile üretilmiştir. Daha sonra kırık olan dişli parçaları hassas bir şekilde 3B metal yazıcının tablasına sabitlenmiştir. 3B yazıcıyla metal malzeme ve plastik malzeme biriktirme işlemleri arasında önemli bir fark bulunmaktadır. 3B yazıcılarda plastik malzeme kullanıldığında çalışma sıcaklığı yaklaşık 190-200 °C arasında iken metal malzeme ergitilirken çalışma sıcaklığı yaklaşık 3000-4000 °C'ye ulaşır. Bu çalışma sıcaklığının çok yüksek olması 3 boyutlu metal yazıcının çalışmasını olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Bu nedenle çalışmada metal doldurma işlemini gerçekleştirmek için 3 boyutlu metal yazıcıda önemli uyarlamalar yapılmıştır. Kırık dişli parçalarının tamir edilecek bölgesini doldurma işlemi MAG kaynağı ile ilk ikisi parçanın üst tarafından diğer ikisi ise alt tarafından olacak şekilde dört pasoda gerçekleştirilmiştir.

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“…The microstructure is different for Ti-6Al-4V material built with the additive manufacturing (AM) process electron beam melting (EBM) compared to conventionally wrought or cast material [8,9]. In Ti-6Al-4V manufactured with EBM, the prior β grains grow epitaxially towards the heat source, which renders a columnar structure perpendicular to the built Materials 2020, 13, 1287 2 of 17 layers [9][10][11][12], a unique morphology that is observed in neither cast nor wrought titanium. At the grain boundary of the β phase, there is nucleation of α phase when the temperature is reduced below the β transus temperature (995 • C for Ti-6Al-4V [8]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue Crack Growth of Electron Beam Melted Ti-6Al-4V in High-Pressure Hydrogen

et al. 2020

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Titanium-based alloys are susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement (HE), a phenomenon that deteriorates fatigue properties. Ti-6Al-4V is the most widely used titanium alloy and the effect of hydrogen embrittlement on fatigue crack growth (FCG) was investigated by carrying out crack propagation tests in air and high-pressure H2 environment. The FCG test in hydrogen environment resulted in a drastic increase in crack growth rate at a certain Δ K, with crack propagation rates up to 13 times higher than those observed in air. Possible reasons for such behavior were discussed in this paper. The relationship between FCG results in high-pressure H2 environment and microstructure was investigated by comparison with already published results of cast and forged Ti-6Al-4V. Coarser microstructure was found to be more sensitive to HE. Moreover, the electron beam melting (EBM) materials experienced a crack growth acceleration in-between that of cast and wrought Ti-6Al-4V.

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Microstructure characterisation of Ti-6Al-4V from different additive manufacturing processes

Cited by 30 publications

References 17 publications

Near Net Shape Manufacture of Titanium Alloy Components from Powder and Wire: A Review of State-of-the-Art Process Routes

Near Net Shape Manufacture of Titanium Alloy Components from Powder and Wire: A Review of State-of-the-Art Process Routes

3B Metal Yazıcı Kullanılarak MIG-MAG Kaynak Yöntemi İle Tamir-Onarım Kaynak Uygulamasına Bir Örnek

Fatigue Crack Growth of Electron Beam Melted Ti-6Al-4V in High-Pressure Hydrogen

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