Microstructure core photonic crystal fiber for gas sensing applications

Abstract

In this paper, a highly sensitive gas sensor based on the microstructure core and cladding photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is presented over the wavelength range from 1.3 to 2.2 μm, which is advantageous for sensor fabrication. The guiding properties of the proposed structure are dependent on geometrical parameters and wavelengths, which are numerically investigated by using a finite element method (FEM). Introducing the microstructure core makes it possible to obtain higher relative sensitivity and achieves low confinement loss. Moreover, it can be shown that increasing the diameter of the air holes in the microstructure core and decreasing the size of hole to hole space (pitch), the relative sensitivity is enhanced. In addition, the confinement loss is reduced by increasing the value of the diameter of the air holes in the cladding. Simulation results reveal that for the optimum design of the proposed PCF it is possible to obtain the highest relative sensitivity of about 42.27% at the wavelength λ=1.33 μm for the absorption line of methane (CH₄) and hydrogen fluoride (HF) gases. In this case, the confinement loss of the fiber is 4.78345×10^-6 dB/m.

Alcohol sensing over O+E+S+C+L+U transmission band based on porous cored octagonal photonic crystal fiber

“…The photonic crystal fiber is a fiber in which artificial frequent capillaries occur. Optical characteristics are mainly controlled by the number and size or magnitude of microstructure capillaries of air holes [12] and various structural diversities. Photonic crystal fibers (PCF) are becoming more and more Photonic Sensors 124 popular for its better guiding properties, robustness, and flexibility.…”

Design and optimization of photonic crystal fiber for liquid sensing applications

“…Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) have been attracted a great deal of attention for its incredible performance and large variety of applications. PCF can be used as filters [1], switches [2,3], electro-optical modulators [4,5], polarization converters [6], sensors [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17], etc. PCF based sensors are smart applications in fiber optic technology which have been investigating and developing since last decade.…”

“…PCF based sensors are smart applications in fiber optic technology which have been investigating and developing since last decade. A wide range of sensing applications of PCF are available, such as temperature sensors [7], refractive index (R.I) sensors [8], chemical sensors [9], mechanical sensors [10], pressure sensors [11], gas sensors [12,13], stress sensors [14], pH sensors [15], liquid sensors [16], biosensors [17], and so on. An ideal candidate of optical sensors is index guiding PCF.…”

“…PCF of microstructure core offers to sense low indexed material because of the highly interaction of evanescent fields with the analyst to be sensed. A large number of published papers investigated and enhanced the performance of PCF based gas and liquid sensors with microstructure core [23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

Design and optimization of photonic crystal fiber based sensor for gas condensate and air pollution monitoring

“…FEM for disposing Maxwell's equations has been used for its reliability as well as high accuracy to investigate the optical properties of the proposed H-PCF [40][41]. Full vectorial FEM with the perfectly match layer (PML) boundary condition is one of the most potential numerical approaches.…”