Microstructure evaluation and strengthening mechanism of Ni–P–W alloy coatings

Evaluation of Tribological Properties and Optimization of Electroless Ni-P-W Coating Under Dry Condition Using Grey Fuzzy Analysis

“…The crystallization temperature for binary Ni-P alloy system is 335 °C. Due to the incorporation of W in the alloy, the phase transformation temperature is raised with the precipitation of Ni3P and crystallization of Ni [17]. The phase transformation behavior observed in the present work agrees well with the theories proposed by other researchers [17,33].…”

“…The wear resistance of electroless nickel (EN) coatings shows a remarkable improvement on addition of hard particles such as diamond, Al2O3 and TiO2 [13][14][15]. The addition of a third element to the binary Ni-P and Ni-B coating leads to the formation of a ternary alloy such as Ni-P-W and Ni-P-Cu [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], which again leads to an enhanced wear resistance. Softer particles incorporated with EN coatings such as PTFE, MoS2, graphite and CNTs [24][25][26][27] promote self lubricity and finds their applications in the reduction of friction.…”

“…The same depends invariably on the heat treatment temperature of the coatings and a maximum value of hardness was observed at 500°C for 1 hour. This happens due to the precipitation of phosphides and solid solution strengthening of the nickel matrix due to dissolved tungsten [17]. The wear resistance also depends on the tribological testing conditions such as the applied normal load, test speed, sliding time as well as test environment [18][19][20][21].…”

“…Exhaustive review of the literature reveals that most of the studies related to electroless Ni-P-W coating are directed mainly towards effect of heat/mechanical treatments of the deposits on its tribological properties, corrosion resistance and coating characterization under different deposition conditions [16][17][18][19][20][21][29][30][31][32][33][34]. Due to the broad industrial usage of EN coatings in industries, their investigation and optimization is gaining immense importance [35][36][37][38].…”

Optimization of Multiple Roughness Characteristics of Chemically Deposited Ni-P-W Coating Using Weighted Principal Component Analysis

“…Another effective method to improve the properties of these coatings is alloying. Addition of a third element into the binary alloy of nickel to form a ternary alloy coating such as Ni-Cu-P [7,8], Ni-P-TiO2 [9,10], and Ni-W-P [11,12] has been studied. Pearlstein et al [13] first presented the Ni-P-W ternary alloy in 1963 and since then, many investigations on Ni-W-P ternary alloy were reported.…”