Microstructure evolution and cyclic deformation behavior of Ti-6Al-4 V alloy via electron beam melting during low cycle fatigue

Bai, Chengyan; Lan, Liang; Xin, Ruyi; Gao, Shuang; He, Bo

doi:10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2022.106784

Cited by 37 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Thus, it appears that the top-ranked alloys arrived at using the MADM approach with the easily available attributes of d, YS, and %EL seem to show that the other attributes like fracture toughness and fatigue would likely meet the requirements for the intended application for these alloys having some basic similarities concerning chemistries, thermomechanical processes, and microstructures, as suggested above. Further testing of the top-ranked alloys for fracture toughness, fatigue, corrosion resistance, etc., is recommended to complete the comprehensive assessment as indicated in some of the research work [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]30,52,53,82,[84][85][86]. The corrosion resistance of these alloys is also expected to meet the requirements.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decision Science-Driven Assessment of Ti Alloys for Aircraft Landing Gear Beams

Canumalla,

Jayaraman

2024

Aerospace

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Titanium alloys, with their low density, exceptional mechanical properties, and outstanding corrosion resistance, play a vital role in various aerospace applications. Our decision science-driven assessment focused on metastable β, near-β, α + β, and near-α Ti alloys for landing gear applications, integrating multiple-attribute decision-making (MADM) methods, principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical clustering (HC) is based on current literature. The ranks of the alloys evaluated by diverse MADM methods were consistent. The methodology identifies five top-ranked Ti alloys assists and verifies the guidelines for alloy design. The top-ranked alloy, Ti1300-BM-nano-α (alloy chemistry: Ti-5Al-4V-4Mo-3Zr-4Cr, solution treatment: 800 °C for 1 h followed by air cooling—solution treated below β transus, and aging: 500 °C for 4 h followed by air cooling), stands out with a percentage elongation (%EL) ~3.3 times greater than the benchmark or goal (density, d = ~4.6 g/cm3; yield strength YS = ~1250 MPa; %El = ~5), while maintaining similar density and yield strength. The analyses underline that metastable β Ti alloys comprising globular primary α + trans β matrix coupled with α precipitates in trans β are the base optimal microstructure to fine-tune using thermomechanical processing for aircraft landing gear applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decision Science-Driven Assessment of Ti Alloys for Aircraft Landing Gear Beams

Canumalla,

Jayaraman

2024

Aerospace

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“…Internal stress analysis was performed in order to evaluate the friction and back stresses σ f and σ b whose calculation was performed in accordance to the technique proposed by Kuhlmann-Wilsdorf and Laird 13 based on the method initially suggested by Xu et al 12 , Bai et al 18 , Cottrell 22 . Considering the peak stress (σ p ) as the stress amplitude in the loading cycle and denoting the flow stress by σ y , see Figure 1, the friction and back stresses were estimated by Equations 1, 2 and 3 16 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the friction stress prevails. Other features that consider the evolution of back stress could also be observed using different alloys 12 as the internal stress evolution with the number of cycles indicating the strain hardening/softening phenomena 18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Al-Mg-Si Alloys Extruded Parts

et al. 2022

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Over the past years, Al-Mg-Si alloys have been largely applied in automotive industry, which has required a deep knowledge of their mechanical properties and the influence of precipitates distribution on their mechanical behavior. This work evaluated the main mechanical properties of AA6005, AA6063, and AA6351 alloys by means of tensile and low cycle fatigue tests with 0.005 seg -1 deformation rate and 0.3% < ε at <1.2% strain amplitudes. Besides, the hysteresis loop and internal stress analysis were investigated to analyze hardening and softening phenomena and to evaluate the friction and back stresses, respectively. Macro and microstructural were performed focusing in intermetallic distribution. Concerning the low cycle fatigue behavior, AA6351 presented shorter lives for strain amplitudes higher than 0.5%, and AA6005 showed the highest fatigue strength and fatigue ductility. AA6063 showed the lowest fatigue strength due to the presence of coarse particles (Fe,Mn)SiAl. During internal stress analysis, the highest value of friction stress for AA6351 indicates the effect of hardener precipitates are the most relevant role for cyclic loadings and the lowest back-to-friction stress ratio indicating that deformation is controlled by particles. In the other hand, AA6063 showed the lowest friction stress due to low amount of fine precipitates.

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“…LPBF employs a high-energy laser to selectively melt layers of metal powder, enabling intricate and precise part fabrication with minimal waste. EBM utilises an electron beam to melt metal powder in a vacuum, offering excellent material properties and a reduced risk of contamination [1]. DED, on the other hand, involves a focused laser beam to create molten metal, which is then deposited layer by layer onto a substrate, facilitating repairs, coatings, and the production of large-scale components [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Powder-Based Additive Manufacturing Technology

Eskandari Sabzi,

Rivera-Díaz-del-Castillo

2023

Sustainability

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A thorough exploration of sustainability in powder-based additive manufacturing (AM) is presented. This review focuses particularly on the design of sustainable alloys for AM. Environmental, economic, and social aspects of sustainability are covered. The importance of life cycle assessment (LCA) in evaluating environmental impact is discussed. LCA tools are used to analyse factors such as energy consumption, waste management, and air pollution, providing a comprehensive view of AM’s environmental footprint. Additionally, the economic dimension of sustainability is addressed through life cycle costing analysis. Production costs, energy use, and waste management are scrutinised, showcasing AM’s potential cost savings. Social life cycle assessment is introduced to assess societal impacts, focusing on worker welfare, community engagement, and overall societal well-being. A forward-looking concept of predicting sustainability before printing, using a product sustainability index, is presented. The approach emphasises environmentally responsible material selection, considering factors such as global warming potential in alloy design. This study offers a holistic approach to designing sustainable alloys and optimising AM processes through a sustainable materials science paradigm to establish the relationship amongst processing, microstructure, properties, sustainability, and performance.

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Microstructure evolution and cyclic deformation behavior of Ti-6Al-4 V alloy via electron beam melting during low cycle fatigue

Cited by 37 publications

References 41 publications

Decision Science-Driven Assessment of Ti Alloys for Aircraft Landing Gear Beams

Decision Science-Driven Assessment of Ti Alloys for Aircraft Landing Gear Beams

Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Al-Mg-Si Alloys Extruded Parts

Sustainable Powder-Based Additive Manufacturing Technology

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