Microstructure evolution and reaction mechanism of continuously compositionally Ti/Al intermetallic graded material fabricated by laser powder deposition

Liu, Yang; Wu, Zichun; Liu, Wensheng; Ma, Yunzhu; Zhang, Xuefeng; Zhao, Lizhong; Yang, Kai; Chen, Yuqiang; Cai, Qingshan; Song, Yufeng; Liang, Chaoping

doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.08.153

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…As depicted in Figure 6a,d, pure Ti, Al, WC, and CeO 2 are represented as spherical particles, and the WC and CeO 2 particles are uniformly mixed by the binder TiAl. The temperature of the molten pool can exceed 2700 K during laser cladding, with transient maximum overheating temperatures reaching up to about 3500 K [49,50]. Not only that, the cooling rate is approximately 6 × 10 5 K/s, which demonstrates that laser cladding is a typical non-equilibrium solidification process [51].…”

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 96%

Uncovering the Effect of CeO2 on the Microstructure and Properties of TiAl/WC Coatings on Titanium Alloy

Sui,

Weng,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Coatings

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It remains a popular question whether rare earth oxides encourage reinforcing phases to the uniform distribution in cermet coating to improve the mechanical properties. This study applied laser cladding to prepare the TiAl/WC/CeO2 MMC cermet coatings on the TC21 alloy substrate. The effects of CeO2 content on the phase composition, microstructure formation, evolution mechanism, and properties of cermet coatings were investigated. Results show that the incorporation of CeO2 did not change the phase of composite coating, but the shape of the TiC phase has a close relation to the CeO2 content. CeO2 enhanced the fluidity of the molten pool, which further encouraged the TiC/Ti2AlC core-shell reinforcement phase. With the increase in CeO2 content, the optimized coating contributed to homogenous microstructure distribution and fine grain size. Owing to the hard phases strengthening and dispersion strengthening effects of CeO2, the microhardness of the composite coatings was all significantly higher (almost 1.6 times) than that of the substrate. Importantly, the addition of CeO2 significantly improved the wear resistance of the composite coating. This work provides a certain reference value for the study of surface strengthening of key parts in the aerospace field.

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Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 96%

Uncovering the Effect of CeO2 on the Microstructure and Properties of TiAl/WC Coatings on Titanium Alloy

Sui,

Weng,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Coatings

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“…Reichardt et al [95] reported the preparation of Ti6Al4V to 304L gradient components by laser deposition additive manufacturing. Liu et al [96][97][98] successfully prepared Ti6Al4V/AlSi10Mg graded materials by the direct laser deposition manufacturing process. Compared with laser deposition, WAAM has the advantages of low equipment costs, a high utilization rate of wires, high production efficiency, and high density of the surfacing layer, which is more suitable for the industrial production of layered materials.…”

Section: Waammentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Additive Manufacturing Techniques and Post-Processing for High-Temperature Titanium Alloys

Jin

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2023

Metals

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Owing to excellent high-temperature mechanical properties, i.e., high heat resistance, high strength, and high corrosion resistance, Ti alloys can be widely used as structural components, such as blades and wafers, in aero-engines. Due to the complex shapes, however, it is difficult to fabricate these components via traditional casting or plastic forming. It has been proved that additive manufacturing (AM) is an effective method of manufacturing such complex components. In this study, four main additive manufacturing processes for Ti alloy components were reviewed, including laser powder bed melting (SLM), electron beam powder bed melting (EBM), wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), and cold spraying additive manufacturing (CSAM). Meanwhile, the technological process and mechanical properties at high temperature were summarized. It is proposed that the additive manufacturing of titanium alloys follows a progressive path comprising four key developmental stages and research directions: investigating printing mechanisms, optimizing process parameters, in situ addition of trace elements, and layered material design. It is crucial to consider the development stage of each specific additive manufacturing process in order to select appropriate research directions. Moreover, the corresponding post-treatment was also analyzed to tailor the microstructure and high-temperature mechanical properties of AMed Ti alloys. Thereafter, to improve the mechanical properties of the product, it is necessary to match the post-treatment method with an appropriate additive manufacturing process. The additive manufacturing and the following post-treatment are expected to gradually meet the high-temperature mechanical requirements of all kinds of high-temperature structural components of Ti alloys.

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“…The LMD operation's deposit width reduced (Figure 19) when the scanning speed increased and increased when the scanning speed decreased, owing to the additional time given to the coating materials to interact with the laser and fuse with the base alloy [40,41]. This implies that the base alloy and coating components mix effectively beneath the surface of the deposited clad [49,50].…”

Section: Geometrical Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interplay of Thermal Gradient and Laser Process Parameters on the Mechanical Properties, Geometrical and Microstructural Characteristics of Laser-Cladded Titanium (Ti6Al4V) Alloy Composite Coatings

Fatoba,

Jen

2023

Metals

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With the development of laser surface modification techniques like direct laser metal deposition (DLMD), titanium alloy (TI6Al4V) may now have its entire base metal microstructure preserved while having its surface modified to have better characteristics. Numerous surface issues in the aerospace industry can be resolved using this method without changing the titanium alloy’s primary microstructure. As a result, titanium alloy is now more widely used in sectors outside of aerospace and automotive. This is made possible by fabricating metal composite coatings on titanium alloys using the same DLMD method. Any component can be repaired using this method, thereby extending the component’s life. The experimental process was carried out utilizing a 3000 W Ytterbium Laser System at the National Laser Centre of the CSIR in South Africa. Through the use of a laser system, AlCuTi/Ti6Al4V was created. The characterization of the materials for grinding and polishing was performed according to standard methods. There is a substantial correlation between the reinforcement feed rate, scan speed, and laser power components. Due to the significant role that aluminum reinforcement played and the presence of aluminum in the base metal structure, Ti-Al structures were also created. The reaction and solidification of the copper and aluminum reinforcements in the melt pool produced the dendritic phases visible in the microstructures. Compared to the base alloy, the microhardness’s highest value of 1117.2 HV1.0 is equivalent to a 69.1% enhancement in the hardness of the composite coatings. The enhanced hardness property is linked to the dendritic phases formed in the microstructures as a result of optimized process parameters. Tensile strengths of laser-clad ternary coatings also improved by 23%, 46.2%, 13.1%, 70%, 34.3%, and 51.7% when compared to titanium alloy substrates. The yield strengths of laser-clad ternary coatings improved by 19%, 46.7%, 12.9%, 69.3%, 34.7%, and 52.1% when compared to the titanium alloy substrate.

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Microstructure evolution and reaction mechanism of continuously compositionally Ti/Al intermetallic graded material fabricated by laser powder deposition

Cited by 16 publications

References 49 publications

Uncovering the Effect of CeO2 on the Microstructure and Properties of TiAl/WC Coatings on Titanium Alloy

Uncovering the Effect of CeO2 on the Microstructure and Properties of TiAl/WC Coatings on Titanium Alloy

A Review of Additive Manufacturing Techniques and Post-Processing for High-Temperature Titanium Alloys

The Interplay of Thermal Gradient and Laser Process Parameters on the Mechanical Properties, Geometrical and Microstructural Characteristics of Laser-Cladded Titanium (Ti6Al4V) Alloy Composite Coatings

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