“…It has been proved to be an efficient way to suppress the grain defects formation by increasing the thermal gradient during directional solidification. Therefore, many new technologies, such as gas cooling casting (GCC) [9], fluidized-bed quenching (FBQ) [10], and liquid metal cooling (LMC) [11,12] processes have been developed to increase the thermal gradient during solidification. The thermal gradient of LMC process is 2-4 times greater than that of HRS method, which results in the reduction of dendrite arm spacing and segregation of alloying elements.…”