“…However, there is greater interest in forming the carbide particles in-situ from elemental titanium and graphite. This would increase cost-effectiveness, as well as create finer particle distribution and the desired carbide-matrix interface characteristics [7,29,30]. TiC has been previously synthesized in-situ during laser cladding processes from powdered titanium and graphite in matrices of nickel [31], chromium [32], iron-aluminium [33], ␥-NiCrAlTi [9], and cobalt (on a mild steel substrate) [34].…”