2010
DOI: 10.1007/978-0-306-48100-0_2
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Microstructure of Atmospheric Clouds and Precipitation

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Cited by 155 publications
(239 citation statements)
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“…CBW particles activate at a SSact of 0.4 % after 552 and 523 min (line 1 and 2) while CBK particles demand a SSact of 1.6 % for activation after 552 and 584 min (line 20 and 21), respectively. Overall, no CCN-activity of CBK particles could be detected at atmospherically relevant SS (0.3 to 0.8 %;Pruppacher and Klett, 2010) within the maximum aging time of up to 12 h of our 10 experimental setup.…”
mentioning
confidence: 65%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…CBW particles activate at a SSact of 0.4 % after 552 and 523 min (line 1 and 2) while CBK particles demand a SSact of 1.6 % for activation after 552 and 584 min (line 20 and 21), respectively. Overall, no CCN-activity of CBK particles could be detected at atmospherically relevant SS (0.3 to 0.8 %;Pruppacher and Klett, 2010) within the maximum aging time of up to 12 h of our 10 experimental setup.…”
mentioning
confidence: 65%
“…3 2 × 10 6 molec•cm -3 which is approximately equal to one day of atmospheric aging. Both, the OFRs and the batch-aerosol chamber methods show that equivalent atmospheric aging time spans of several hours to days are required to make soot particles CCN-active at atmospherically relevant super saturations (SS) of below 0.8 % (Pruppacher and Klett, 2010) Another very important atmospheric oxidant is ozone. The effect of ozone oxidation on the CCN-activity of soot particles has been investigated intensively in various laboratory studies.…”
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confidence: 99%
“…A denitrification scheme is incorporated to account for the sedimentation of HNO 3 containing particles where the NAT particles are assumed to be in equilibrium with gas phase HNO 3 . All the three types of particles – NAT, ice, and liquid aerosols – are considered in the sedimentation module and the sedimentation speed of the particles is calculated according to Pruppacher and Klett [1997]. Nevertheless, recent studies indicate that PSCs do not frequently exist at NAT temperatures [ WMO , 2011; Pitts et al , 2007] and liquid aerosols often dominate heterogeneous halogen processing [ Portmann et al , 1996].…”
Section: Ozone and Tracer Simulationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Ice nucleation by aerosol particles is known to modify cloud properties, hence, playing an important role in modulating the hydrological cycle and climate (Boucher et al, 2013;Seinfeld and Pandis, 2006). There are four mechanisms identified for primary heterogeneous ice nucleation in the atmosphere, which are the immersion, condensation, deposition, and contact modes (Pruppacher and Klett, 2010;Young, 1993). Immersion freezing occurs when an ice-nucleating particle (INP) initiates ice formation when completely immersed in a cloud droplet.…”
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confidence: 99%
“…Condensation freezing happens when ice nucleates as water is condensed on the INP whereas deposition nucleation occurs when water vapour directly forms the ice phase on a particle. Contact freezing is triggered when an INP comes in contact with a supercooled water droplet (from inside or outside) to initiate nucleation and subsequent freezing (Pruppacher and Klett, 2010;Vali et al, 2015). While immersion freezing is relevant in mixed-phase clouds (Murray et al, 2012), the deposition mode mechanism and homogeneous ice nucleation dominate cirrus cloud formation (Hoose and Möhler, 2012).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%