Microstructure of feeding by tobacco hornworm caterpillars, <i>Manduca sexta</i>

Bowdan, E.

doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.1988.tb01127.x

Cited by 31 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The only evidence in favour of this proposal, however, was that deprivation was accompanied by a redistribution of dry weight within these parts of the gut, and the fact that there was a correlation between meal duration and the duration of the previous period of deprivation. A similar correlation exists for non-deprived insects feeding ad libitum (Reynolds et al, 1986;Bowdan, 1988a). In the present experiments, however, the time course of the decrease in foregut weight following feeding showed no clear relationship to the time course of the increase in food intake after 45 min or more without food.…”

Section: The Role Of Volumetric Feedbacksupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Tobacco hornworm caterpillars (Manduca sexta (L)) eat discrete meals (Reynolds et al, 1986;Bowdan, 1988a) and are able to alter their feeding behaviour in response to changes in the composition of their food (Timmins et al, 1988) and in response to food deprivation (Bowdan, 1988b). These changes involve both altered meal size and frequency, implying that both the initiation and termination of feeding are controlled.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological mechanisms underlying the control of meal size in Manduca sexta larvae

Timmins

Reynolds

1992

Physiological Entomology

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Abstract. Fifth stadium larvae of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (L.), ate larger meals than usual when they had been deprived of food for periods of time longer than the usual intermeal interval (c. 45 min). Meal size increased with time since the last meal until 180 min, when it was about 3 times normal. There was no evidence of a role for volumetric feedback from the gut in controlling meal size. Injections of a paraffin oil/wax mixture, or of petroleum jelly (Vaseline) into the foregut, midgut or rectum failed to decrease meal size. Cutting the recurrent nerve failed to alter meal size compared to sham‐operated controls (although both groups took smaller meals than unoperated controls). By contrast, injections of an extract of soluble nutrients from the diet into the midgut inhibited feeding in some insects and reduced subsequent meal size in others. Appropriate controls showed that these effects were not due to the volumetric or osmotic effects of the injections. These results imply that nutrient feedback plays an important role in controlling meal size in Manduca caterpillars, while volumetric feedback is probably unimportant.

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Section: The Role Of Volumetric Feedbacksupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological mechanisms underlying the control of meal size in Manduca sexta larvae

Timmins

Reynolds

1992

Physiological Entomology

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“…In particular, small head-swaying behavior always occurs immediately before each meal, which sometimes triggers exaggerated behaviors related to feeding initiation. These excited feeding related behaviors associated with locomotor activation of legs, mouth parts, and mandibles following starvation, or prior to feeding, have also been observed in other phytophagous lepidopteran species such as the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (11,12). It appears that activation of foraging behaviors and the subsequent initiation of consumption are necessary for a feeding motivated condition.…”

mentioning

confidence: 69%

Identification of a Novel Hemolymph Peptide That Modulates Silkworm Feeding Motivation

Nagata

Morooka

Asaoka

et al. 2011

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Phytophagous insects do not constantly chew their diets; most of their time is spent in a non-feeding quiescent state even though they live on or around their diets. Following starvation, phytophagous insect larvae exhibit enhanced foraging behaviors such as nibbling and walking similar to the sequential behavior that occurs prior to each meal. Although extensive physiological studies have revealed regularly occurring feeding behaviors in phytophagous insects, little has been elucidated regarding the mechanism at the molecular level. Here, we report identification and characterization of a novel 62-amino acid peptide, designated as hemolymph major anionic peptide (HemaP), from the hemolymph of Bombyx mori larvae that induces foraging behaviors. The endogenous HemaP levels are significantly increased by diet deprivation, whereas refeeding after starvation returns them to basal levels. In larvae fed ad libitum, hemolymph HemaP levels fluctuate according to the feeding cycle, indicating that locomotor-associated feeding behaviors of B. mori larvae are initiated when HemaP levels exceed an unidentified threshold. Furthermore, administration of exogenous HemaP mimics the starvation-experienced state by affecting dopamine levels in the suboesophageal ganglion, which coordinates neck and mandible movements. These data strongly suggest that fluctuation of hemolymph HemaP levels modulates the regularly occurring feeding-motivated behavior in B. mori by triggering feeding initiation.Phytophagous insects do not constantly feed; rather most of their time is spent in a quiescent non-feeding state even though they live on or around their diets. This means that despite continuous stimulation by host plant chemicals, the trigger for phytophagous insects to switch from quiescent state to the initiation of feeding behaviors is host plant independent. It is clear that phytophagous insects alternate between feeding and quiescent non-feeding states based on their dietary intake. These repetitive changes from feeding state to the quiescent state and back generate feeding cycles. Recently, we demonstrated that the silkworm, Bombyx mori, a monophagous, phytophagous lepidopteran, has a regular feeding cycle of about 2 h (1). Similar cyclic feeding rhythms are also observed in other phytophagous insects such as locusts (2, 3) and caterpillars (4 -6). This suggests that, cyclic feeding behavior might be a conserved phenomenon among phytophagous insects. It also implies that some endogenous system strictly regulates the initiation and termination of feeding in phytophagous insects (7,8).In the case of B. mori larvae, the probability of feeding initiation (hereafter referred to as feeding motivation) drastically increases about 1 h post feeding from the previous meal (1). In addition, B. mori larvae exhibit repetitive feeding behavioral cycles independent of circadian rhythms (1, 9), unlike other phytophagous lepidopteran species, which have feeding cycles that are influenced by other general factors, such as circadian rhythms and visual li...

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“…These include fifth stadium Locusta migratoria (Simpson & Ludlow, 1986), fifth stadium tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta (Reynolds et al . 1986; Bowdan, 1988), first‐instar larvae of the grasshopper Schistocerca americana (Chapman & Beerling, 1990), adults of the blowfly Lucilia cuprina (Simpson et al . 1989), the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemliniata (Mitchell & Low, 1994) and the weevil Exopthalmus jekelianus studied in the field (Wright et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental changes in the patterns of feeding in fourth‐ and fifth‐instar Helicoverpa armigera caterpillars

Raubenheimer¹,

Browne²

2000

Physiological Entomology

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Summary Data are presented for developmental changes in feeding behaviour within and across the fourth and fifth stadium of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) caterpillars fed nutritionally homogeneous semi‐synthetic foods. We recorded the microstructure of feeding over continuous 12‐h periods on consecutive days throughout the two stadia, and in one experiment recorded continuously for 21 h. Larvae in the two stadia showed the same general pattern of macro‐events in feeding, including a similar duration of post‐ecdysis fast, which was usually broken by consumption of the exuviae, and then a sustained period in which discrete meals on the experimental food were taken regularly. There were, however, some distinct differences in the patterns of meal‐taking both between stadia and across different one‐third time segments within stadia. Considering between‐stadium differences, the proportion of time spent feeding differed significantly only in the last segment of the feeding period of the two stadia, with the value for the fourth‐instar larvae being substantially greater than for fifth‐instar larvae. As regards within stadium changes, the proportion of time feeding increased from the first to the second segment of both stadia. However, whereas the proportion of time feeding increased from the second to the final segment of the fourth stadium, it decreased across the same period in the fifth stadium. These patterns of changes in the proportion of time feeding within and between stadia, and their behavioural mechanisms (combination of meal durations and meal frequencies), can be explained only partially with reference to increasing food requirements with development. Three areas are identified where further study might help elucidate the reasons for the observed developmental changes in the microstructure of feeding: allometric constraint, the dynamic links between ingestion and post‐ingestive processing, and ecological factors such as predation.

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Microstructure of feeding by tobacco hornworm caterpillars, Manduca sexta

Cited by 31 publications

References 17 publications

Physiological mechanisms underlying the control of meal size in Manduca sexta larvae

Physiological mechanisms underlying the control of meal size in Manduca sexta larvae

Identification of a Novel Hemolymph Peptide That Modulates Silkworm Feeding Motivation

Developmental changes in the patterns of feeding in fourth‐ and fifth‐instar Helicoverpa armigera caterpillars

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