Microstructure of Steels and Cast Irons

Durand‐Charre, M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-08729-9

Cited by 113 publications

(88 citation statements)

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“…2. The resultant microstructure is typical for the conventional gray cast irons in comparison with other studies [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Indeed, the appearance of three predominant structures that characterize the gray cast iron with lamellar graphite is highlighted by our observations, these are:…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Metallurgical, Mechanical and Electrochemical Behavior Study of the Lamellar Gray Cast Iron Treated with Vanadium

et al. 2016

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This study is concerned with the research and development in the field of materials science, leading to the industrial applications especially for the development of materials by moulding process. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of vanadium on microstructural, mechanical and electrochemical properties of gray cast iron with lamellar graphite EN-FGL250. We investigated the effect of adding element (vanadium), during the casting of the metal in the mould, in a powder form having a particle size of 0.5 mm with the amounts of 1%, 3% and 5% in weight percent on microstructural and mechanical properties of gray cast iron with lamellar graphite. The originality of this work is the addition of the vanadium powder during the last stage of cooling of the melted gray cast iron EN-FGL250. These additions have a significant impact on the solidification phenomenon since the deposited vanadium powder into the sand moulds creates the new sites of nucleation and absorbs a lot of heat leading to the fast cooling. From the experimental results, we can confirm that the cooling rate directly affects the microstructural, mechanical and electrochemical behavior of the cast gray iron treated with vanadium. As result, it was observed that there is a slight decrease of the elasticity modulus of the work pieces, and a reduction of the maximum tensile resistance Rm. Finally, the addition of vanadium considerably reduces the corrosion current of gray cast iron treated with vanadium.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Metallurgical, Mechanical and Electrochemical Behavior Study of the Lamellar Gray Cast Iron Treated with Vanadium

et al. 2016

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“…Shear transformations often result in the formation of a new lattice orientation, resulting in a new crystallographic phase and phase interfaces. The transition between different phases is traditionally martensitic implying that no diffusion or local changes in chemistry should [33]. Mathew et al [19] has recently shown the effect of SIT on the corrosion response of CoCr supporting findings by Montero-Ocampo et al [21].…”

Section: Fig 18mentioning

confidence: 72%

The role of surface pre-treatment on the microstructure, corrosion and fretting corrosion of cemented femoral stems

Bryant

Farrar²,

Freeman³

et al. 2016

Biotribology

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The use of cemented femoral stems is common practice worldwide with strong clinical data supporting their use.Over the years, different surface processing techniques have been employed to enhance the performance of the stem-cement interface. As a result different clinical outcomes and visual presentation at revision has been observed. Whilst research has focussed on increasing adhesion and better load bearing capacity, the effects of surface processing on the degradation of cemented femoral stems has not been investigated. The aims of this study was to investigate the effects of surface processing on the subsurface microstructure, surface chemistry and tribocorrosion degradation mechanisms of cemented tapered femoral stems subjected to polishing and blasting (Vaquasheen) processes. Cemented femoral stems were orientated and loaded according to for 500,000 cycles in 0.9% NaCl at 37 ˚C. A three-electrode electrochemical cell was integrated into the mechanical test to facilitate in-situ corrosion measurements. The severity and mechanism of damaged were assessed scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectrometry, solution mass spectrometry and white light interferometry. Surface processing was seen to drastically influence the level of corrosion within the interface with polished surfaces demonstrating the highest levels of corrosion. Surface analysis consistently demonstrated the presence of a SiO2 layer on the vaquasheened stems thought to originate from the glass bead blast matrix. This resulted in lower levels of corrosion both under static and tribocorrosion assessment. In conclusion, blasted surfaces resulted in lower wear induced corrosion when compared to the polished surfaces. However the total metallic ion levels did not follow the same trend. This is thought to be due to the formation of metallic debris and dissolution of debris due to abrasion of the femoral stems. Over the years, different surface processing techniques have been employed to enhance the performance of the stem-cement interface. As a result different clinical outcomes and visual presentation at revision has been observed. Whilst research has focussed on increasing adhesion and better load bearing capacity, the effects of surface processing on the degradation of cemented femoral stems has not been investigated. The aims of this study was to investigate the effects of surface processing on the subsurface microstructure, surface chemistry and tribocorrosion degradation mechanisms of cemented tapered femoral stems subjected to polishing and blasting (Vaquasheen) processes. Cemented femoral stems were orientated and loaded according to for 500,000 cycles in 0.9% NaCl at 37 ˚C. A three-electrode electrochemical cell was integrated into the mechanical test to facilitate in-situ corrosion measurements. The severity and mechanism of damaged were assessed scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectrometry, solution mass spectrometry and white light interferometry. Surface processin...

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“…They can easily replace each other during solidification and do not change the molecular structure of carbides. So these carbides are designated as multi-component compounds (Fe, Cr) 7 C 3 and (Fe, Cr) 3 C, which abbreviated are M 7 C 3 and M 3 C [21,22] . Figure 4 gives the SEM images of the metallurgical structure of the ATZ ceramic particle reinforced gray iron matrix surface composites.…”

Section: Composite Characterization and Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and wear characteristics of ATZ ceramic particle reinforced gray iron matrix surface composites

Xue

Zhang

et al. 2018

China Foundry

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G ray iron is one of the most common cast iron and widely used as a kind of cast material due to its low cost, outstanding castability and excellent machinability [1,2] . However, the poor wear resistance is a fatal weakness for the gray iron. As we all know, wear is one of the main failure modes of metallic materials and about seventy percent of mechanical damage is caused by various forms of wear and tear. The grinding loss not only consumes a lot of metal material, but also causes huge economic loss and heavy casualties. So revealing the mechanism and improving the wear resistance of the gray iron matrix are significant.The ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix composites (CPRMMCs) can combine the advantages of ceramics and metals, and exhibit relative high strength and wear resistance, so they have attracted more and more attention [3][4][5][6] . Ceramic particles, such as wolfram Abstract:The alumina toughened zirconia (ATZ) ceramic particle reinforced gray iron matrix surface composite was successfully manufactured by pressureless infiltration. The porous preform played a key role in the infiltrating progress. The microstructure was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); the phase constitutions was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD); and the hardness and wear resistance of selected specimens were tested by hardness testing machine and abrasion testing machine, respectively. The addition of high carbon ferrochromium powders leads to the formation of white iron during solidification. The wear volume loss rates of ATZ ceramic particle reinforced gray iron matrix surface composite decreases first, and then tends to be stable. The wear resistance of the composite is 2.7 times higher than that of gray iron matrix. The reason is a combination of the surface hardness increase of gray iron matrix and ATZ ceramic particles and alloy carbides protecting effect on gray iron matrix.Key words: metal-matrix surface composites; pressureless infiltrating; particle-reinforcement; surface alloying; wear testing carbide (WC), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), titanium carbide (TiC) and silicon carbide (SiC), are now commonly used as the particle reinforcement [7][8][9][10][11][12] . WC ceramic particle reinforced iron matrix surface composites were produced using the V-EPC infiltration casting process by Li et al., and the composites' wear resistance was 1.5-5.2 times higher than that of the high chromium cast iron [13] . WC ceramic particle with good wettability and high hardness was used in the research [10] , but its higher price and the greater difference of thermal expansion coefficient from that of iron limit its use in the large scale production. Alumina toughened zirconia (ATZ) ceramic is becoming an important reinforcement particle to iron and steel because of its great performance/ price ratio, high hardness, high fracture toughness, and comparable thermal expansion coefficient [14] .ZrO 2 -Al 2 O 3 ceramic particle reinforced Cr25 matrix composites were fabricated using the infiltration casting process by Zheng et ...

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Microstructure of Steels and Cast Irons

Cited by 113 publications

References 0 publications

Metallurgical, Mechanical and Electrochemical Behavior Study of the Lamellar Gray Cast Iron Treated with Vanadium

Metallurgical, Mechanical and Electrochemical Behavior Study of the Lamellar Gray Cast Iron Treated with Vanadium

The role of surface pre-treatment on the microstructure, corrosion and fretting corrosion of cemented femoral stems

Microstructure and wear characteristics of ATZ ceramic particle reinforced gray iron matrix surface composites

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