Microstructure Variations in the Soft‐Hard Tissue Junction of the Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament

Zhao, Lei; Lee, Peter Vee Sin; Ackland, David C.; Broom, Neil D.; Thambyah, Ashvin

doi:10.1002/ar.23608

Cited by 30 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…Electrospun fibers become randomly aligned over the foil due to the disruption of the local electromagnetic field. The typical interdigitation length in soft tissue to bone interfaces varies between 0.1 to 0.5 mm and is strongly dependent on the animal species and tissue type 60,76,77 . In this study, the wave size was limited due to the manual method used to cut the foil.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The interface shape between the aligned and randomly aligned fibers follows the wave shape at the edge of the foil (Figure 7B cies and tissue type. 60,76,77 In this study, the wave size was limited due to the manual method used to cut the foil. To fabricate interdigitated regions that better mimic the length-scale of interfacial tissues, precise cutting dies can be designed to cut the foil into the desired shape.…”

Section: Fibrous Scaffolds With Gradients In Fiber Alignment Exhibit ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnetic fields enable precise spatial control over electrospun fiber alignment for fabricating complex gradient materials

Tindell

Busselle

Holloway

2023

J Biomedical Materials Res

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Musculoskeletal interfacial tissues consist of complex gradients in structure, cell phenotype, and biochemical signaling that are important for function. Designing tissue engineering strategies to mimic these types of gradients is an ongoing challenge. In particular, new fabrication techniques that enable precise spatial control over fiber alignment are needed to better mimic the structural gradients present in interfacial tissues, such as the tendon-bone interface. Here, we report a modular approach to spatially controlling fiber alignment using magnetically-assisted electrospinning. Electrospun fibers were highly aligned in the presence of a magnetic field and smoothly transitioned to randomly aligned fibers away from the magnetic field.Importantly, magnetically-assisted electrospinning allows for spatial control over fiber alignment at sub-millimeter resolution along the length of the fibrous scaffold similar to the native structural gradient present in many interfacial tissues. The versatility of this approach was further demonstrated using multiple electrospinning polymers and different magnet configurations to fabricate complex fiber alignment gradients. As expected, cells seeded onto gradient fibrous scaffolds were elongated and aligned on the aligned fibers and did not show a preferential alignment on the randomly aligned fibers. Overall, this fabrication approach represents an important step forward in creating gradient fibrous materials, where such materials are promising as tissueengineered scaffolds for regenerating functional musculoskeletal interfacial tissues.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Fibrous Scaffolds With Gradients In Fiber Alignment Exhibit ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic fields enable precise spatial control over electrospun fiber alignment for fabricating complex gradient materials

Tindell

Busselle

Holloway

2023

J Biomedical Materials Res

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“…However, previous studies analysing 3D histology have found clearer correlations between bone histology and musculotendinous insertions: Sanchez et al (2013) were able to determine the position of entheses in fossil vertebrates as well as the approximate orientation of the attached muscle. In addition, Cury et al (2016) and Zhao et al (2017) observed histological changes in tendon insertion zones and ligament insertion zones respectively, indicating that cortical bone holds significant information regarding muscular anatomy. Thus, if the histological level is impacted by muscle insertion, the microanatomical organisation appears rather poorly affected and a less efficient level of investigation to infer muscle structure based on skeletal elements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How does bone microanatomy and musculature covary? An investigation in the forelimb of two species of martens (Martes foina, Martes martes)

Bader¹,

Abou²,

Houssaye³

2022

Journal of Anatomy

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The long bones and associated musculature play a prominent role in the support and movement of the body and are expected to reflect the associated mechanical demands. But in addition to the functional response to adaptive changes, the conjoined effects of phylogenetic, structural and developmental constraints also shape the animal's body. In order to minimise the effect of the aforementioned constraints and to reveal the biomechanical adaptations in the musculoskeletal system to locomotor mode, we here study the forelimb of two closely related martens: the arboreal pine marten (Martes martes) and the more terrestrial stone marten (Martes foina), focusing on their forelimb muscle anatomy and long bone microanatomy; and, especially, on their covariation. To do so, we quantified muscle data and bone microanatomical parameters and created 3D and 2D maps of the cortical thickness distribution for the three long bones of the forelimb. We then analysed the covariation of muscle and bone data, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Our results reveal that speciesspecific muscular adaptations are not clearly reflected in the microanatomy of the bones. Yet, we observe a global thickening of the bone cortex in the radius and ulna of the more arboreal pine marten, as well a stronger flexor muscle inserting on its elbow.We attribute these differences to variation in their locomotor modes. Analyses of our 2D maps revealed a shift of cortical thickness distribution pattern linked to ontogeny, rather than species-specific patterns. We found that although intraspecific variation is not negligible, species distinction was possible when taking muscular and bone microanatomical data into consideration. Results of our covariation analyses suggest that the muscle-bone correlation is linked to ontogeny rather than to muscular strength at zones of insertion. Indeed, if we find a correlation between cortical thickness distribution and the strength of some muscles in the humerus, that is not the case for the others and in the radius and ulna. Cortical thickness distribution appears rather linked to bone contact zones and ligament insertions in the radius and ulna, and to some extent in the humerus. We conclude that inference on muscle from bone microanatomy is possible only for certain muscles in the humerus.

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“…22,[26][27][28]30,34 The UF and CF are bounded by the tidemark. 4,35,36 There is a transition from UF to CF, which is an intermediate gradient area. The length of the gradient in the meniscus insertion is similar to those of the ligament and tendon insertions, which is about 188 ± 56 μm in the neonatal bovid.…”

Section: Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compositional, Structural, and Biomechanical Properties of Three Different Soft Tissue–Hard Tissue Insertions: A Comparative Review

Liu,

Jiang,

Liu

et al. 2024

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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Connective tissue attaches to bone across an insertion with spatial gradients in components, microstructure, and biomechanics. Due to regional stress concentrations between two mechanically dissimilar materials, the insertion is vulnerable to mechanical damage during joint movements and difficult to repair completely, which remains a significant clinical challenge. Despite interface stress concentrations, the native insertion physiologically functions as the effective load-transfer device between soft tissue and bone. This review summarizes tendon, ligament, and meniscus insertions cross-sectionally, which is novel in this field. Herein, the similarities and differences between the three kinds of insertions in terms of components, microstructure, and biomechanics are compared in great detail. This review begins with describing the basic components existing in the four zones (original soft tissue, uncalcified fibrocartilage, calcified fibrocartilage, and bone) of each kind of insertion, respectively. It then discusses the microstructure constructed from collagen, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), minerals and others, which provides key support for the biomechanical properties and affects its physiological functions. Finally, the review continues by describing variations in mechanical properties at the millimeter, micrometer, and nanometer scale, which minimize stress concentrations and control stretch at the insertion. In summary, investigating the contrasts between the three has enlightening significance for future directions of repair strategies of insertion diseases and for bioinspired approaches to effective soft−hard interfaces and other tough and robust materials in medicine and engineering.

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Microstructure Variations in the Soft‐Hard Tissue Junction of the Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament

Cited by 30 publications

References 39 publications

Magnetic fields enable precise spatial control over electrospun fiber alignment for fabricating complex gradient materials

Magnetic fields enable precise spatial control over electrospun fiber alignment for fabricating complex gradient materials

How does bone microanatomy and musculature covary? An investigation in the forelimb of two species of martens (Martes foina, Martes martes)

Compositional, Structural, and Biomechanical Properties of Three Different Soft Tissue–Hard Tissue Insertions: A Comparative Review

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