Microstructures and mechanical properties evolution of IN939 alloy during electron beam selective melting process

Li, Yang; Liang, Xiaoyu; Yu, Yefeng; Li, Hongxin; Kan, Wenbin; Feng, Lin

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.160934

Cited by 43 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…A higher preheating temperature leads to a longer solidification time of the material [39]. It can be assumed that with a longer crystallization time, the percentage of γ' hardening precipitates and carbides, which affect mechanical properties, increases [30,40,41]. Precipitates influence the mechanical properties of the IN939 alloy [11], and high-temperature preheating can lead to its evolution during fabrication.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Preheating on the Residual Stress and Material Properties of Inconel 939 Processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

et al. 2022

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One of the main limitations of laser powder bed fusion technology is the residual stress (RS) introduced into the material by the local heating of the laser beam. RS restricts the processability of some materials and causes shape distortions in the process. Powder bed preheating is a commonly used technique for RS mitigation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of powder bed preheating in the range of room temperature to 400 °C on RS, macrostructure, microstructure, mechanical properties, and properties of the unfused powder of the nickel-based superalloy Inconel 939. The effect of base plate preheating on RS was determined by an indirect method using deformation of the bridge-shaped specimens. Inconel 939 behaved differently than titanium and aluminum alloys when preheated at high temperatures. Preheating at high temperatures resulted in higher RS, higher 0.2% proof stress and ultimate strength, lower elongation at brake, and higher material hardness. The increased RSs and the change in mechanical properties are attributed to changes in the microstructure. Preheating resulted in a larger melt pool, increased the width of columnar grains, and led to evolution of the carbide phase. The most significant microstructure change was in the increase of the size and occurrence of the carbide phase when higher preheating was applied. Furthermore, it was detected that the evolution of the carbide phase strongly corresponds to the build time when high-temperature preheating is applied. Rapid oxidation of the unfused powder was not detected by EDX or XRD analyses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Preheating on the Residual Stress and Material Properties of Inconel 939 Processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

et al. 2022

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“…Figures 13(A 1 )-(D 1 ) and (A 2 ) (above the red line) show clear stepped cleavage planes on the fracture surface of all remelted zones, revealing the typical characteristic of brittle fracture [44][45][46]. In these remelted zones, the microstructures are dominated by dendrites with refined size.…”

Section: Effect Of the Laser Remelting On The Mechanical Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 93%

Laser remelting of AISI H13 tool steel: influence of cooling rate on the surface properties

Xie

Raoelison²,

Di³

et al. 2022

Surf. Topogr.: Metrol. Prop.

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Laser surface remelting is an effective and suitable process to extend the longevity of components without additional materials. In this paper, a high energy density laser with a large size was used to improve the hardness of H13 tool steel. A predictive numerical multiphysics coupled model was established to investigate the temperature field and the profile of the molten pool. The effect of laser scanning speeds is investigated in terms of heat-affected depth, surface topography, and mechanical properties. In detail, the simulated temperature gradients with laser scanning speed in a range of 12 to 24 mm/s are ~8.4×105 K/m, involving a cooling rate less than 1×104 K/s can prevent cracking. The hardness of the remelted zone is in the range of 700-850 HV0.2, and the tensile performances are also recorded. The model in this work could not only link the mechanical properties with process parameters together, but also guide the actual experiment or processing bypassing the trial-and-error method, as well as extend to other materials and laser additive manufacturing.

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“…With higher hardness, after deoxidation and enamel firing process, the alloy and enamel are perfectly combined, and the content of cobalt and chromium ion released meet the ISO safety standard. In 2021, Li et al [ 197 ] used the EBSM method to prepare defect‐free IN939 superalloy samples and characterized them.…”

Section: Powder‐based Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Powder‐Based Additive Manufacturing: A Critical Review of Materials, Methods, Opportunities, and Challenges

Shanthar,

Chen,

Abeykoon

2023

Adv Eng Mater

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As a 0‐dimensional moulding material, powder particles can realise the construction of most engineering parts and can further improve the precision moulding and high‐performance manufacturing capabilities of additive manufacturing (AM). Therefore, the powder‐based additive manufacturing methods provide an outstanding practical value and development for modern manufacturing world. However, powder materials that are utilised in additive manufacturing continue to face challenges such as a lack of accessible categories, temperature restrictions, and poor performance of moulded components. Therefore, researching for new additive manufacturing materials and procedures has become one of the important and influential ways to accelerate the progress of additive manufacturing technology and also to expand its application fields. For this purpose, it is invaluable to understand and update on the current state‐of‐the‐art of powder‐based additive manufacturing technologies. Hence, this work first reviews the research background of powder‐based 3D printing in details while systematically expounding on the technologies and equipment, material types, influencing factors, existing problems and development trends of powder‐based 3D printing. In addition, the basic principles of powder‐based 3D printing were also revealed, and the formation and optimization of metal, polymer, and ceramic powders in powder‐based 3D printing equipment were explored. Throughout the last decade, powder‐based AM has gradually emerged in the fields of biomedical and aerospace, such as the construction of tissue scaffolds and the construction of aero‐engine parts, respectively. However, powder materials may have insufficient comprehensive performance due some limitations, as the control of mechanical characteristics and dimensional accuracy of powder moulded parts are still challenging during manufacturing processes. Therefore, exploring the mechanism/s of additive manufacturing of powder‐based materials, improving the mechanical properties of powder‐based AM products, and the possible directions for improving the usability of powder materials are the main focus of this paper.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Microstructures and mechanical properties evolution of IN939 alloy during electron beam selective melting process

Cited by 43 publications

References 31 publications

Effect of Preheating on the Residual Stress and Material Properties of Inconel 939 Processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Effect of Preheating on the Residual Stress and Material Properties of Inconel 939 Processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Laser remelting of AISI H13 tool steel: influence of cooling rate on the surface properties

Powder‐Based Additive Manufacturing: A Critical Review of Materials, Methods, Opportunities, and Challenges

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