Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of the 5Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel Refined by Oxide Particles

Abstract

Herein, Al2O3 and TiO2 particles are introduced into the 5Cr13 high‐carbon martensite stainless steel, aiming to improve its mechanical properties and cold‐deformation ability. The results prove that the introduced oxide particles lead to enlarged equiaxed zone of the ingot, together with refinement in its columnar and equiaxed dendrites. They exist in the form of fine nanoparticles and serve as crucial heterogeneous nuclei to refine the austenite grains and martensitic microstructures of the steel. Then the oxide‐added 5Cr13 steel exhibits higher hardness and better temper resistance, as well as good impact toughness. Accordingly, the use of the present master alloy provides a great convenience for the mass production of high‐performance steels in the future.

Effect of addition of alumina and rare-earth oxide particles on the corrosion resistance and mechanism of low carbon low alloy steel

“…This ingot was used as master alloy 20 wt% master alloy nuggets and pure metal pieces were prepared, melted in the vacuum induction furnace, and cast into the NHAl steel ingot. More details about the experiment could be found in [29,30,39]. The RE oxide particles were introduced into the NHRE ingot by directly adding pure RE pieces (La and Ce) to the molten steel during the final smelting stage.…”

“…Adding large amounts of fine, regularly shaped oxides to steel can simultaneously modify its strength and plasticity. In previous studies, the mechanical properties of 45 steels were significantly improved by adding a large number of fine and evenly distributed Al 2 O 3 particles [29,30]. However, second-phase particles in the matrix adversely affect the corrosion performance owing to local corrosion, especially Al 2 O 3 or MnS particles, caused by incomplete deoxidation and desulfurization during smelting [10,[31][32][33][34][35][36].…”

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Alumina and/or Yttrium Oxides Strengthened 9Cr Steel Fabricated by Vacuum Casting

“…Al is generally used for the deoxidation of steel in the smelting process and Al 2 O 3 inclusions inevitably appear in the steel after solidification. Furthermore, Al 2 O 3 , as an oxide dispersion strengthened phase, has been successfully introduced in carbon structural steel [ 27 ] and martensite stainless steel [ 28 ] by casting route. The Al 2 O 3 ‐containing particles can act as heterogeneous nucleates that play an important role in grain refinement and dispersion strengthening for the steels, and thus effectively improve the mechanical properties of these steels.…”

“…[17] Using the casting route, many researchers mainly focused on the investigation of Y-containing oxides for ODS F/M steels, such as Y 2 O 3 , [18,19] Y-Ti-O, [20][21][22][23] and Y-Zr-O [23][24][25][26] To the authors' knowledge, other types of oxides are rarely introduced into the ODS F/M steels fabricated through the casting route.Al is generally used for the deoxidation of steel in the smelting process and Al 2 O 3 inclusions inevitably appear in the steel after solidification. Furthermore, Al 2 O 3 , as an oxide dispersion strengthened phase, has been successfully introduced in carbon structural steel [27] and martensite stainless steel [28] by casting route. The Al 2 O 3 -containing particles can act as heterogeneous nucleates that play an important role in grain refinement and dispersion strengthening for the steels, and thus effectively improve the mechanical properties of these steels.…”

“…method. [27][28][29] At meanwhile, considering the benefits of Y-containing oxides, 9Cr steel with both the Al 2 O 3 -and Y-containing oxide particles was designed and fabricated. The research purpose of this study is to explore the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al 2 O 3 and/or Y-containing oxide-strengthened 9Cr steel fabricated by vacuum casting.…”