Microstructures Fabricated by Two‐Photon Polymerization and Their Remote Manipulation Techniques: Toward 3D Printing of Micromachines

Lin, Yang; Xu, Jie

doi:10.1002/adom.201701359

Cited by 55 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…In fact, the main factors in choosing the construction process are accuracy, printing speed, material range, and dimensions of the desired object. According to the above considerations, the appropriate methods are microstereolithography (µSL) 5,6 , projection microstereolithography (PµSL) 7,8 , and two-photon polymerization (TPP) 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A compact LED-based projection microstereolithography for producing 3D microstructures

Behroodi

Latifi

Najafi

2019

Sci Rep

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Projection microstereolithography (PµSL) is a promising additive manufacturing technique due to its low cost, accuracy, speed, and also the diversity of the materials that it can use. Recently it has shown great potentials in various applications such as microfluidics, tissue engineering, micro-optics, biomedical microdevices, and so on. However, studies on PµSL are still ongoing in terms of the quality and accuracy of the construction process, which particularly affect the fabrication of complex 3D microstructures and make it attractive enough to be considered for commercial applications. In this paper, a compact LED-based PµSL 3D printer for the fabrication of 3D microstructures was developed, and the effective parameters that influence the quality of construction were thoroughly investigated and optimized. Accordingly, a customized optical system, including illumination optics and projection optics, was designed using optical engineering principles. This custom 3D printer was proposed for the PµSL process, which besides improving the quality of construction, led to the reduction of the size of the device, its cost-effectiveness, and the repeatability of its performance. To demonstrate the performance of the fabricated device, a variety of complex 3D microstructures such as porous, hollow, helical, and self-support microstructures were constructed. In addition, the repeatability of the device was assessed by fabricating microstructure arrays. The device performance showed that the lateral accuracy of printing was better than 5 μm, and the smallest thickness of the printed layer was 1 μm. Moreover, the maximum printable size of the device was 6.4 mm × 4 mm × 40 mm.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To achieve further printing accuracy, two-photon polymerization has been introduced 9,28,29 . In this method, a pulsed femtosecond laser is used directly to create a 3D pattern in the depth of the photosensitive resin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A compact LED-based projection microstereolithography for producing 3D microstructures

Behroodi

Latifi

Najafi

2019

Sci Rep

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“…Two‐photon‐induced photopolymerization (2PP) has been intensively investigated due to its unique nature allowing real 3D writing with high spatial resolution by means of single tightly focused laser beam. Since the first reported real 3D spiral microstructures by Maruo et al, the methodology has been exploited in various application fields, including polymer‐based optical waveguides, functional microdevices based on direct laser writing (DLW) fabrication, biomaterials, and tissue engineering . The main advantage of 2PP relies on the excellent spatial control thanks to confinement of photoactivated polymerization within focal volume of laser beams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conjugated Carbazole‐Based Schiff Bases as Photoinitiators: From Facile Synthesis to Efficient Two‐Photon Polymerization

Zhu

et al. 2018

J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.

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Exploration of simple and economical synthetic routes to construct active two-photon initiators (2PIs) with long conjugation length is highly desirable to promote the development of two-photon-induced photopolymerization technology. In this article, several conjugated carbazole-based derivatives containing N=C bonds as π bridges and electron donor/acceptor groups were prepared through one-step Schiff base reaction. The structure-activity relationship was systematically investigated through calculations and experimental tests. The results showed that compared to the D-π-D-π-D molecules, the A-π-D-π-A molecules exhibited stronger charge transfer, which induce redshifted linear absorption and enhanced two-photon absorption at 800 nm. The 2PIs displayed aggregation-induced emission property and show potential for the fabrication of luminescent microdevices. In two-photon-induced microfabrication tests, the formulations containing novel 2PIs exhibited lower threshold energy than the widely used commercial photoinitiator Irgacure 369 and the two-photon resists IP-L is the brand name of the two-photon resist from Nanoscribe, specially designed for nanoscribe's laser lithography systems.

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“…Along with the development of additive manufacturing, two‐photon polymerization (TPP) has become a promising method to create real 3D microstructures in microscale or sub‐microscale . During a typical TPP process, a small region (i.e., voxel) in the photosensitive materials is polymerized when two photons are absorbed simultaneously, and final structures fabricated are composed of countless voxels that correspond to the digital files after slicing and hatching ( Figure ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superhydrophobic Surfaces Based on Fractal and Hierarchical Microstructures Using Two‐Photon Polymerization: Toward Flexible Superhydrophobic Films

Lin

Zhou

2018

Adv Materials Inter

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Introduction of hierarchical microstructures nowadays is considered as an important method to create superhydrophobic surfaces, but the majority of current studies mainly focus on arbitrary or simple 3D geometries. Therefore, only statistic results or particular conclusions can be obtained. Given this concern, two‐photon polymerization (TPP) is applied to create well‐defined 3D microstructures with high resolution, including fractal Sierpinski tetrahedrons, and hierarchical pyramid structures. Surfaces that have fractal structures with higher complexity are found to be more hydrophobic than their lower‐stage counterparts. Additionally, fractal Sierpinski tetrahedron structures prove to possess higher efficiency in achieving superhydrophobicity when compared to hierarchical pyramids. Further, TPP is also adopted in creating microstructures on flexible substrates. As a demonstration, an array of hierarchical pyramids is fabricated on a plastic film, and superhydrophobicity still remains even after 100 times of bending and relaxing. Moreover, owing to the convenience of spatial control from TPP, tuning of wetting performance in different regions of surfaces is achievable. With this technique, the role of the fractal and hierarchical microstructures in flexible natural creatures can be better understood, thus facilitating the applications, for which robust wetting control is required.

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Microstructures Fabricated by Two‐Photon Polymerization and Their Remote Manipulation Techniques: Toward 3D Printing of Micromachines

Cited by 55 publications

References 69 publications

A compact LED-based projection microstereolithography for producing 3D microstructures

A compact LED-based projection microstereolithography for producing 3D microstructures

Conjugated Carbazole‐Based Schiff Bases as Photoinitiators: From Facile Synthesis to Efficient Two‐Photon Polymerization

Superhydrophobic Surfaces Based on Fractal and Hierarchical Microstructures Using Two‐Photon Polymerization: Toward Flexible Superhydrophobic Films

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