Microsurgical Approach for the Treatment of Juxtafacet Synovial Cysts of the Lumbar Spine

Current Status of Interspinous Posterior Devices in USA and Italy: Finally the Pandora’s Vase has been Uncovered

“…Instead, the fusion devices IFDs (Interspinous Fusion Devices) work completely different, because their target is the fusion of the spinal motor unit and not its dynamism. As a result of the aforesaid, it is appropriate to distinguish between IPDs (constrained and unconstrained) and interspinous fusion devices IFDs as two categories completely different on the basis of the therapeutic target [10,11,[16][17][18][19].…”

“…Depending on the range of hypermobility, the degree of instability varies, going from a first phase (in which the damage-articular disk is moderate) defined as "micro-instability", to a second phase of overt instability, up to a third step of "steno-instability" [10][11][12]. It's important to underline how these three stages proceed in a progressive way, in relation to the progressive increase of the instability and the consequent develop of the hypertrophic reaction of both ligaments and bone component [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Therefore, stenosis occurs in the third stage of the degenerative cascade, as the anatomo-pathological reaction to a metameric instability.…”