Microsystem in LTCC Technology to the Detection of Acetone in Exhaled Breath

Abstract

An acetone is a well-known diabetes biomarker, since patients with diabetes tend to have higher acetone levels in their breath than healthy people. Exhaled acetone levels are usually in the range of 0.3-0.9 ppm (parts per million) for healthy subjects and over 3 ppm for patients with diabetes. Commercially-available gas sensors are under development for measuring samples at several tens ppm. Due to this fact, the microsystem with micropreconcentrator and sensor array is proposed as a solution that overcomes these limitations. The microsystem designed by author was manufactured in LTCC (Low Temperature Cofired Ceramics) technology. The microsystem based on micropreconcentrator structure as well as metal oxide gas sensors array. Acetone in diabetic breath was found to be higher than 1.11 ppm, while its concentration in normal breath was lower than 0.83 ppm. Index Terms-Breath analysis, low temperature cofired ceramics (LTCC), exhaled acetone measurements, micropreconcentrators.A. Rydosz received the M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in electronic engineering from the AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland in 2009 and 2014, respectively. His current research interests include gas sensors and micropreconcentrators, LTCC, MEMS technology as well as gas sensors system applications.

Enhanced Sensitivity of Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor Functionalized with Doped Polyaniline Composites for the Detection of Low-Concentration Acetone Vapour

“…For the SPR simulation of the detection of low concentration of acetone vapour in dry air for diabetes monitoring, the Arago-Biot mixing formula (equation (17)) was applied for the estimation of the refractive index of 0.5 ppm, 2 ppm, 4 ppm, 6 ppm, 8 ppm, and 10 ppm concentration of acetone vapour in dry air [67]. Journal of Sensors 4 ppm, 6 ppm, 8 ppm, and 10 ppm of acetone, respectively.…”

“…Figure 8 shows the SPR curves generated from the detection of low concentration of acetone vapour in air from 0.5 ppm to 10 ppm using gold-based (Figure 8(a)), PANI/chitosan composite-based (Figure 8(b)), and ternary compositebased (Figure 8(c)) SPR sensors. Using equation (17), the refractive indices of acetone vapour at different concentrations were calculated. The values of refractive index change with respect to air are illustrated in Table 5.…”

“…Exhaled breath acetone can be used as a diabetes biomarker because of its high correlation with blood glucose (conventional diabetes biomarker) [15]. The concentration of acetone in the human body is generally very low (0.1 ppm-0.8 ppm), although it can be higher in the case of metabolism disorders, including diabetes mellitus (DM) (1.8 ppm-5.0 ppm) [16][17][18]. Detection of such very low concentration has been achieved by chemiresistor-based sensors that mostly employ metal oxide semiconductors [19,20].…”