Microtensile properties and failure mechanisms of cortical bone at the lamellar level

Casari, Daniele; Michler, Johann; Zysset, Philippe; Schwiedrzik, Jakob

doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2020.04.030

Cited by 46 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…It has been shown in several studies that the mechanical properties are dependent on the orientation of the collagen fibers. ( 18 , 24 , 25 , 37 , 39 ) Unfortunately, due to pillar fabrication using FIB (Gallium) and the destructive nature of the microcompression tests, it was not anymore possible to measure the collagen orientation in the specimen at the position of the micropillar using a technique such as polarized light. However, the careful orientation of our samples along the osteonal canals and the similar appearance/variability of the post‐yield behavior among the groups exclude a systematic bias of the mechanical properties due to collagen orientation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compressive Strength of Iliac Bone ECM Is Not Reduced in Osteogenesis Imperfecta and Increases With Mineralization

Indermaur

Casari

Kochetkova

et al. 2020

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is an inheritable, genetic, and collagen-related disorder leading to an increase in bone fragility, but the origin of its "brittle behavior" is unclear. Because of its complex hierarchical structure, bone behaves differently at various length scales. This study aims to compare mechanical properties of human OI bone with healthy control bone at the extracellular matrix (ECM) level and to quantify the influence of the degree of mineralization. Degree of mineralization and mechanical properties were analyzed under dry conditions in 12 fixed and embedded transiliac crest biopsies (control n = 6, OI type I n = 3, OI type IV n = 2, and OI type III n = 1). Mean degree of mineralization was measured by microcomputed tomography at the biopsy level and the mineral-tomatrix ratio was assessed by Raman spectroscopy at the ECM level. Both methods revealed that the degree of mineralization is higher for OI bone compared with healthy control. Micropillar compression is a novel technique for quantifying post-yield properties of bone at the ECM level. Micropillars (d = 5 μm, h = 10 μm) were fabricated using focused ion beam milling and quasi-statically compressed to capture key post-yield properties such as ultimate strength. The qualitative inspection of the stress-strain curves showed that both OI and healthy control bone have a ductile response at the ECM level. The quantitative results showed that compressive strength is not reduced in OI bone and is increasing with OI severity. Nanoindentation measurements revealed that OI bone tends to have a higher Young's modulus, hardness, and dissipated energy compared with healthy bone. Micropillar strength and indentation modulus increased linearly and significantly (p < .0001) with mineral-to-matrix ratio. In conclusion, this study indicates that compressive mechanical properties of dry OI bone at the iliac crest are not inferior to healthy control at the ECM level and increase with mineralization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compressive Strength of Iliac Bone ECM Is Not Reduced in Osteogenesis Imperfecta and Increases With Mineralization

Indermaur

Casari

Kochetkova

et al. 2020

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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“…For this reason, considering the lamellar organization at each length scale is fundamental both for understanding its complex mechanical properties and for modelling prostheses and bioinspired materials [8,9]. In addition, knowledge of bone tissue physiology can be crucial to detecting micro-alterations in the structure that can be early manifestations of orthopaedic diseases [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brillouin–Raman microspectroscopy for the morpho-mechanical imaging of human lamellar bone

Cardinali

Michele

Mattarelli

et al. 2022

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Bone has a sophisticated architecture characterized by a hierarchical organization, starting at the sub-micrometre level. Thus, the analysis of the mechanical and structural properties of bone at this scale is essential to understand the relationship between its physiology, physical properties and chemical composition. Here, we unveil the potential of Brillouin–Raman microspectroscopy (BRaMS), an emerging correlative optical approach that can simultaneously assess bone mechanics and chemistry with micrometric resolution. Correlative hyperspectral imaging, performed on a human diaphyseal ring, reveals a complex microarchitecture that is reflected in extremely rich and informative spectra. An innovative method for mechanical properties analysis is proposed, mapping the intermixing of soft and hard tissue areas and revealing the coexistence of regions involved in remodelling processes, nutrient transportation and structural support. The mineralized regions appear elastically inhomogeneous, resembling the pattern of the osteons' lamellae, while Raman and energy-dispersive X-ray images through scanning electron microscopy show an overall uniform distribution of the mineral content, suggesting that other structural factors are responsible for lamellar micromechanical heterogeneity. These results, besides giving an important insight into cortical bone tissue properties, highlight the potential of BRaMS to access the origin of anisotropic mechanical properties, which are almost ubiquitous in other biological tissues.

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“…Simple nanoindentation can provide information on hardness, elastic moduli, and plastic deformation based on the load-displacement curve created by the incision of a sharp tip of micrometric dimensions to a bone surface [118,124]. Fewer research groups have attempted other uniaxial compression/tension tests, such as pillar compression and tensile testing of micrometric bone specimens [125,126]. However, these uniaxial tests can provide information on the anisotropic micromechanical properties of bone tissue as the longitudinal and transversal directions of bone can be isolated through fabrication.…”

Section: Discrepant Results In the Literature And The Path Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale Imaging and Analysis of Bone Pathologies

et al. 2021

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Understanding the properties of bone is of both fundamental and clinical relevance. The basis of bone’s quality and mechanical resilience lies in its nanoscale building blocks (i.e., mineral, collagen, non-collagenous proteins, and water) and their complex interactions across length scales. Although the structure–mechanical property relationship in healthy bone tissue is relatively well characterized, not much is known about the molecular-level origin of impaired mechanics and higher fracture risks in skeletal disorders such as osteoporosis or Paget’s disease. Alterations in the ultrastructure, chemistry, and nano-/micromechanics of bone tissue in such a diverse group of diseased states have only been briefly explored. Recent research is uncovering the effects of several non-collagenous bone matrix proteins, whose deficiencies or mutations are, to some extent, implicated in bone diseases, on bone matrix quality and mechanics. Herein, we review existing studies on ultrastructural imaging—with a focus on electron microscopy—and chemical, mechanical analysis of pathological bone tissues. The nanometric details offered by these reports, from studying knockout mice models to characterizing exact disease phenotypes, can provide key insights into various bone pathologies and facilitate the development of new treatments.

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Microtensile properties and failure mechanisms of cortical bone at the lamellar level

Cited by 46 publications

References 92 publications

Compressive Strength of Iliac Bone ECM Is Not Reduced in Osteogenesis Imperfecta and Increases With Mineralization

Compressive Strength of Iliac Bone ECM Is Not Reduced in Osteogenesis Imperfecta and Increases With Mineralization

Brillouin–Raman microspectroscopy for the morpho-mechanical imaging of human lamellar bone

Nanoscale Imaging and Analysis of Bone Pathologies

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