Microtubules

Gunning, B. E. S.; Hardham, Adrienne R.

doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.33.060182.003251

Cited by 301 publications

(144 citation statements)

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“…It can be therefore argued that this mechanism is of wide appearance among higher plants. These findings further strengthen the indispensable role of microtubules in plant cell morphogenesis (for reviews see Hepler & Palevitz, 1974;Hepler, 1981;Gunning & Hardham, 1982;Seagull, 1989Seagull, , 1991. This is further supported by experimental microtubule depolymerization: In the lobed cell types mentioned above anti-microtubule drug treatment inhibits morphogenesis Wernicke & Jung, 1992;Panteris et al, 1993a;present data).…”

Section: Semi-lobed Cell Morphogenesissupporting

confidence: 61%

Microtubule organization and cell morphogenesis in two semi‐lobed cell types of Adiantum capillus‐veneris L. leaflets

1993

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SUMMARYProtodermal cells of Adiantttm capillus-veneris leaflets are polyhedral, displaying regularly arranged cortical microtubules transverse to the main cell axis. The nascent epidermal cells partly detach from the underlying mesophyll cells by formation of intercellular spaces, containing PAS-positive material.In early differentiating upper epidermal cells discrete U-like bundles of cortical microtubules form on the internal periclinal and the anticlinal walls. In contrast, microtubules are randomly scattered along the external periclinal wall. Microtubule bundles of neighbouring anticlinal walls of epidermal cells exhibit an alternating disposition but are directly opposite to those of underlying mesophyll cells. Epidermal cell wall is locally reinforced by thickenings arising under the microtubule bundles and including parallel cellulose microfibrils. The pattern of wall thickenings reflects that of the microtubule bundles. The internal periclinal epidermal cell region expands at the sectors free of wall thickenings, forming several lobes. Simultaneously, intercellular spaces open at the thickened regions of anticlinal walls, which finally become wavy. In contrast, the external periclinal wall does not form any lobes but remains smooth. As a result, epidermal cells become 'semi-lobed'. The lobes of lower epidermal cells are less prominent. Mesophyll cells surrounding the endodermis are also 'semi-lobed'. Their morphogenesis is achieved by the same mechanism. Colchicine treatment inhibits the ' semi-lobed' morphogenesis of epidermal cells and mesophyll cells surrounding the endodermis and the concomitant intercellular space opening.These observations reveal that the primary event of 'semi-lobed' cell morphogenesis is the organization of two different patterns of the cortical microtubule cytoskeleton in the same cell.

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Section: Semi-lobed Cell Morphogenesissupporting

confidence: 61%

Microtubule organization and cell morphogenesis in two semi‐lobed cell types of Adiantum capillus‐veneris L. leaflets

1993

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“…Skirpan and T.-h. Kao, unpublished results). It has been re ported that the cytoskeleton of plant cells plays important roles in establishing and maintaining specific polarities and spindle formations (Baskin and Cande 1990), and in nuclear positioning, nuclear division, cytoplasm polarity, and cellularization during male and/or female gametophyte development (Gunning and Hardham 1982;Bednara et al 1988;van Lammeren 1988: Staiger andWebb and Gunning 1990;Huang and Sheridan 1994). Thus, the possibility that PRK1 may interact directly with some cytoskeletal protein to regu late a broad spectrum of cellular activities required for microspore mitosis and embryo sac development is in triguing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryo sac development is affected in Petunia inflata plants transformed with an antisense gene encoding the extracellular domain of receptor kinase PRK1

Lee

Das

Karunanandaa

et al. 1997

Sexual Plant Reproduction

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In a previous study of the function of a pollenexpressed receptor kinase of Petunia inflata, P R K I, it was found that transgenic plants carrying an antisense-PRKI gene were unable to transmit the transgene c through either the male or, unexpectedly, the female. In this report, the nature of this female phenotype was stud ied using one of the transgenic plants, ASRK-13. Elec tron and light microscopic examination of the embryo sac and seed development of ASRK-13 and a wild-type plant revealed that embryo sac development of approxi mately half of the ovules of ASRK-13 was abnormal. The development of the affected embryo sacs was arrest ed at the late stages of megagametogenesis. The majority of the affected embryo sacs completed three rounds of mitosis normally, but failed to progress through the mat uration stages when cell expansion, nuclear migration, and differentiation take place. The remaining small num ber of abnormal embryo sacs were arrested at either the four-or eight-nucleate stages. The ovules containing the defective embryo sacs apparently failed to be fertilized,

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“…One of the factors that control the expansion is the direction in which the innermost layer of microfibrils is formed (Green, 1980). In some cells, the deposition of the microfibrils assumes an orientation parallel to the cortical microtubules, in others the deposition and the synthesis of the microfibrils takes place in the absence of microtubules (Gunning and Hardham, 1982 ;Robinson and Quader, 1982 ;Lloyd, 1984).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colchicine-induced changes in the growth and secondary wall deposition of cotyledonless radish seedlings

Scialabba

Melati

Liberto

1995

Acta Botanica Gallica

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(Manuscrit reru le 14 mars 1995; accepte le 5 octobre 1995)Summary.-Colchicine (at 0.2 %) reduces the percentage of germination of radish seeds and influence the growth, morphogenesis and differentiation of xylem elements of the cotyledonless seedling. Colchicine does not significantly influence either the fresh or the dry weight but it does reduce the length of the hypocotyl, root and the developing xylem elements. Hypocotyl diameter increases compared to the control. Root growth rate decreases and the differentiation of xylem elements advances toward the apex. The reduction in cell extension is accompanied by an increase in cell diameter and it is clear that colchicine has an effect on cellular expansion and cell shape. Treatment with colchicine changes the deposition pattern of the secondary wall and results in conspicuous irregularities in the form and distribution of wall thickening. The cotyledonless seedlings cultured in colchicine for 24 hours and successively transferred to water, show a modification of the xylem differentiation and of the wall deposition pattern only in the protoxylem elements differentiated during the treatment, while those differentiating after the 24 hours period are comparable to the controls, indicating that the effect of the drug ceases when it is removed.Resume.-La colchicine (a 0,2 %) reduit le pourcentage de germination des semis de radis et influence Ia croissance, Ia morphogenese et Ia differenciation des elements du xyleme de Ia plantule privee de ses cotyledons. La colchicine n'influence pas de maniere significative le poids frais, ni le poids sec, mais reduit Ia longueur de l'hypocotyle, de Ia racine et des elements du xyleme en cours de formation. Le diametre de l'hypocotyle est plus grand en comparaison des temoins. La vitesse de croisance de Ia racine diminue et le systeme du xyleme se differencie en direction basipete. La reduction de l'allongement cellulaire s'accompagne d'un accroissement du diametre cellulaire mettant en evidence !'influence de Ia colchicine sur !'expansion et Ia forme de Ia cellule. Le traitement a Ia colchicine modifie le mode d'elaboration de Ia paroi secondaire et provoque de nombreuses irregularites dans Ia forme et Ia repartition des epaississements secondaires de Ia paroi. Les plantules privees de cotyledons, cultivees en presence de colchicine pendant 24 h et transferees ensuite dans l'eau, montrent des modifications de !'elaboration de Ia paroi uniquement dans les elements du protoxyleme qui se sont differencies pendant le traitement. Ceux qui se differencient par Ia suite sont comparables aux temoins, ce qui indique que les effets de Ia colchicine cessent quand elle est supprimee.

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Microtubules

Cited by 301 publications

References 0 publications

Microtubule organization and cell morphogenesis in two semi‐lobed cell types of Adiantum capillus‐veneris L. leaflets

Microtubule organization and cell morphogenesis in two semi‐lobed cell types of Adiantum capillus‐veneris L. leaflets

Embryo sac development is affected in Petunia inflata plants transformed with an antisense gene encoding the extracellular domain of receptor kinase PRK1

Colchicine-induced changes in the growth and secondary wall deposition of cotyledonless radish seedlings

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