Microvascular and Macrovascular Complications in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

Expression of CD4+CD28nullT lymphocytes in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Relation to microvascular complications, aortic elastic properties, and carotid intima media thickness

“…In particular, it is well known that diabetic nephropathy is a key risk factor for cardiovascular complications and many patients with renal impairment die of cardiovascular‐related causes even before developing end stage renal disease . The link between micro‐ and macrovascular disease could be represented by endothelial dysfunction, as an underlining feature of both processes, as well as by a certain degree of inflammation . While better glycemic control has been associated with better cardiac and peripheral vascular function, other strategies improving these early changes will potentially reduce the risk of later microvascular and macrovascular complications …”

“…43 The link between micro-and macrovascular disease could be represented by endothelial dysfunction, as an underlining feature of both processes, as well as by a certain degree of inflammation. 44,45 While better glycemic control has been associated with better cardiac and peripheral vascular function, other strategies improving these early changes will potentially reduce the risk of later microvascular and macrovascular complications. 40 Our study has some limitations.…”