The extraction and utilization of low-grade manganese ore can alleviate the industrial impact of the extreme lack of high-grade pyrochlore resources. The dry pre-processing of minerals is a necessary condition to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the subsequent extraction process. In this paper, green microwave technology was utilized for studying the dynamics of drying experiments at the different initial moisture content of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, and 35%, respectively. The experimental results explain that the initial moisture content of a mineral was positively correlated with its drying rate. Furthermore, the basic theoretical features and dynamics of microwave drying of manganese ore were discussed by fitting and analyzing experimental data with a model of thin-layer drying dynamics. The average correlation coefficient (R2) of the Quadratic model was 0.976. The RSS values obtained by fitting the Quadratic model were 0.01368, 0.01939, and 0.01986, respectively. Compared to the other two models, the Quadratic model can more accurately describe the microwave drying kinetic process of manganese ore than the other two models. Interestingly, the infrared spectrum tests indicated that microwave drying can basically remove the O-H bond, and the change of mineral weight in the drying process was entirely caused by water loss. Through microscopic characterization of minerals, it has been found that microwave drying can reduce the size of mineral particles, which is beneficial to the subsequent roasting and leaching process. The interesting and important findings from this work can be applied to explore more extraction methods for manganese.