Microwave and Conventional Pyrolysis of a Bituminous Coal

Microwave–metal interaction pyrolysis of polystyrene

“…It is due to this high temperature and microwave radiations, polystyrene cracks into low molecular weight compounds. This work is different from the work of Larry et al who used copper wire as antenna for producing low temperature plasma in the microwave oven while pyrolyzing bituminous coal [12]. Almost all the previously reported pyrolysis experiments of the polystyrene by conventional methods were carried out at temperatures below 800 • C and the present process occurs above 1000 • C. However, the results of Liu et al [13] indicate that the pyrolysis reaction at 700 • C give 90% liquid products 3.54% gases and 0.2% coke with total conversion of 93.9%.…”

Co-liquefaction of Makarwal coal and waste polystyrene by microwave–metal interaction pyrolysis in copper coil reactor

“…In addition to the high temperature it is also believed that this rapid pyrolysis takes place due to the direct interacting of the microwave energy with the coal and the formation of active species. Gasner et al [17] declared these active species as plasma while using two wires of copper, however, in our process; it is the high temperature, which produces excited and active free radicals that convert the coal or primary products of pyrolysis into other products. In case of the co-pyrolysis the rate of formation of active species is higher due to the lower decomposition temperature of polystyrene that is why the nature of products was improved and the efficiency of reactions has increased.…”

“…Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of coal and plastics are one of the attractive and faster options. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis is usually carried out by the use of microwave-absorbing materials [15,16] or by the use of microwave-induced plasmas [17]. Our research group recently reported the microwave-metal interaction pyrolysis as a rapid process which successfully converts polystyrene into useful oil products [18].…”

Chiral Poly(amide-Thioester-Imide)s Having Thiadiazol Group: Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Study of Thermo-Optical Behavior

“…In particular, in the past few decades, a great increase in the use of this technique has been seen. Consequently, the number of publications concerning the application of microwave in the fields of chemical synthesis is rapidly increasing (Fang and Lai, 1996;Gasner et al, 1986;Xia et al, 2004). Although microwave heating is already an established technique in organic chemistry, polymer chemists are just starting to discover the advantages of microwave irradiation.…”