Microwave and spark plasma sintering of carbon nanotube and graphene reinforced aluminum matrix composite

Ghasali, Ehsan; Sangpour, P.; Jam, Alireza; Rajaei, Hosein; Shirvanimoghaddam, Kamyar; Ebadzadeh, Touradj

doi:10.1016/j.acme.2018.02.006

Cited by 81 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…tions [18,24,27,44,54,55,57,69,70,133,139]. The presence of Al 4 C 3 has been identified by XRD in some cases [18,27,55,102,133], while in other cases, XRD was not able to detect any interfacial reactions, such as forming the Al 4 C 3 [24,44,54,69,70,94]. The undetectability of Al 4 C 3 by XRD was attributed to the low content of carbides formed, making it beyond the detection limit of XRD; the absence of any residual carbon in the starting reinforcement material; and the passivation of Al due to the formation of thin stable aluminum oxide preventing any chemical contact between Al and carbon.…”

Section: Interfacial Interactions and Carbide Formationmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Sintering in a microwave field allowed for higher heating rates, which led to shorter processing times and gave more refined structure of the composite. Similarly, Ghasali et al [102] studied the effect of different sintering techniques, such as conventional, microwave, and SPS, on the densification and performance of 1 wt% GNP-Al composite. Each sintering technique had a different effect on the formation of Al 4 C 3 and thus resulted in a different structure and mechanical performance.…”

Section: Postsynthesis/consolidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thermodynamically, the reactivity of Al-C systems can be lowered by using carbonaceous materials with fewer defect sites or by adding alloying elements to change the Gibbs free energy of the reactions. Kinetically, controlling the rate of reaction by controlling synthesis temperature or time of exposure to high temperature can inhibit Al 4 C 3 formation [94,102]. The phase diagram of the Al-C system [26] suggests that a facial interaction in Gr-Al composites can occur at a temperature of 550 ∘ C with a stochiometric ratio of 4:3.…”

Section: Interfacial Interactions and Carbide Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graphene-Reinforced Bulk Metal Matrix Composites: Synthesis, Microstructure, and Properties

Ahmad

Hamoudi

Abdala

et al. 2020

Reviews on Advanced Materials Science

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This paper provides a critical review on the current status of graphene-reinforced metal matrix composites (GRMMCs) in an effort to guide future work on this topic. Metal matrix composites are preferred over other types of composites for their ability to meet engineering and structural demands. Graphene is considered an ideal reinforcement material for composites due to its unique structure and extraordinary physical, thermal, and electrical properties. Incorporating graphene as a reinforcement in metals is a way of harnessing its extraordinary properties, resulting in an enhanced metallic behavior for a wide variety of applications. Combining graphene with bulk metal matrices is a recent endeavor that has proven to have merit. A systematic study is needed to critically examine the efforts applied in this field, the successes achieved, and the challenges faced. This review highlights the three main pillars of GRMMCs: synthesis, structure, and properties. First, it discusses the synthesis techniques utilized for the fabrication of GRMMCs. Then, it highlights the resulting microstructures of the composites, including graphene dispersion and interfacial interactions. Finally, it summarizes the enhancements in the mechanical, electrical, thermal, and tribological properties of GRMMCs, while highlighting the effects of graphene type and content on those enhancements.

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Section: Interfacial Interactions and Carbide Formationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Postsynthesis/consolidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interfacial Interactions and Carbide Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graphene-Reinforced Bulk Metal Matrix Composites: Synthesis, Microstructure, and Properties

Ahmad

Hamoudi

Abdala

et al. 2020

Reviews on Advanced Materials Science

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“…Heating induced by electric current has some interesting advantages with respect to conventional heating sources such as the lower sintering temperature, which allows to process nanometric powders, shorter time duration, and better material properties [11][12][13].…”

Section: Electric Current-aided Sinteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prologue: The New Era of Sintering

Santecchia¹,

Mhadhbi²

2020

Design and Manufacturing

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“…To further harness the reinforcing potential of graphene, combination with CNT to form hybrid reinforcement is promising. Until now, only few researchers have studied hybrid CNT-rGO reinforced Al matrix composites [11,22]. Therefore, there is the need to further study rGO reinforced Al matrix composites and optimize the ratio of CNT:rGO reinforcement to achieve the maximum synergistic effect in aluminum composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Content on the Hardness, Wear Resistance and Thermal Expansion of In-Situ Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO)-Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites

et al. 2019

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Aluminum matrix composites reinforced with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and hybrid of carbon nanotube (CNT) and rGO are fabricated by solution coating powder metallurgy process. The hardness, wear resistance and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the reinforced aluminum composites and the associated microstructural changes with rGO range (0.2-0.6 wt. %) and hybrids of 0.2 wt. % CNT-rGO at different ratios have been investigated. The intensive microstructural observations show that rGO is adsorbed on Al particles and uniformly distributed in the Al matrix composites. The hardness values of the composites increase significantly with rGO reinforcement exhibiting the maximum hardness at 0.4 wt. % rGO. Compared with the hybrid composites CNT-rGO/Al counterparts fabricated by the same route and wt. percent of 0.2, the hardness values in the hybrid CNT-rGO increase considerably. Similar to the hardness, the results of wear tests also exhibit corresponding variation in the values of the wear rates. The improvement in the wear resistance of the hybrid CNT-rGO/Al composite is pronounced in this work. Whereas the rGO reinforcements decrease significantly the wear rate of the aluminum-base by 98%, the wear resistance of the corresponding hybrid CNT-rGO is significantly higher than that of the preceding composites. Maximum CTE reduction of 28% was recorded for hybrid CNT-rGO (1:1) reinforced composite.

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Microwave and spark plasma sintering of carbon nanotube and graphene reinforced aluminum matrix composite

Cited by 81 publications

References 48 publications

Graphene-Reinforced Bulk Metal Matrix Composites: Synthesis, Microstructure, and Properties

Graphene-Reinforced Bulk Metal Matrix Composites: Synthesis, Microstructure, and Properties

Prologue: The New Era of Sintering

Effect of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Content on the Hardness, Wear Resistance and Thermal Expansion of In-Situ Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO)-Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites

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